oxyntic gland

In rats, resection of the oxyntic gland area of the stomach (fundectomy) induces endogenous hypergastrinaemia.

Gastric acid is then secreted into the lumen of the oxyntic gland and gradually reaches the main stomach lumen.

ECL (enterochromaffine-like) cells, found in the oxyntic glands release histamine, which also is a powerful stimulant of the acid secretion.

The bottom part of the oxyntic glands is dominated by zymogen (chief) cells that produce pepsinogen (an inactive precursor of the pepsin enzyme).

In the canaliculus, secreted hydrogen and chloride ions mix and are secreted into the lumen of the oxyntic gland.

Both pepsinogens are present in the chief cells of the oxyntic glands of the gastric corpus mucosa, but only pepsinogen-II is present in the gastric antrum.

There are three types of glands: cardiac glands (in the proximal part of the stomach), oxyntic glands (the dominating type of gland), and pyloric glands.

In vehicle treated rats exposed to three hours of water immersion and restraint stress, gastric lesions appeared as small and scattered haemorrhagic erosions mostly in the oxyntic gland area and this was accompanied by about 63% reduction in gastric blood flow.