Thus they can be used as a kind of partition function for nonequilibrium steady states.

In a nonequilibrium setting, the measurements can be stored and used to extract work from the measured system.

The universe, since the big bang, was and remains out of equilibrium, or vastly nonequilibrium.

What are the general conditions that allow such self-constructing nonequilibrium processes to flourish?

During this time, he explored both equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics.

"Probability of second law violations in nonequilibrium steady states", Phys.

Thus, the concept of an agent is, inherently, a nonequilibrium concept.

But Schrödinger missed stating the requirement for an agent to be nonequilibrium.

I will begin with Maxwell's demon and why measurement of a system only pays in a nonequilibrium setting.

As Kawasaki himself noted this precludes any treatment of nonequilibrium steady states.

The Liouville equation is valid for both equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems.

The second feature to note is that our autonomous agent is, necessarily, a nonequilibrium system.

Therefore, and I think this conclusion is cogent, there can be no general law for all possible nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems.

But we might ask a similar question of the nearly featureless, profound nonequilibrium of the early universe.

Indeed, it seems important to wonder which conditions in a nonequilibrium universe would allow such propagating organization to proliferate.

When this is done the so-called Jarzynski equality or nonequilibrium work relation, can be derived.

Only certain features of a nonequilibrium system will, upon measurement, reveal a displacement from equilibrium that can actually be used to extract work.

First, a useless feature of a nonequilibrium system with respect to extraction of work may be recorded.

In turn, this led us to note that an autonomous agent is necessarily a nonequilibrium device, therefore, that it stores energy.

Second, errors may be made in the record of a useful feature of a nonequilibrium system from which work can be extracted.

This means that for a nonequilibrium flow, something between 10 and 100 variables may be required to describe the state of the gas at any given time.

Rapid cooling can substantially decrease the nonequilibrium freezing point, and hence the thermal hysteresis value.

C. Jarzynski, Nonequilibrium equality for free energy differences, Phys.

He worked on NASA-funded projects in nonequilibrium critical phenomena.

Remember, a propagating organization that builds itself and persistently ramifies in a nonequilibrium setting is not yet a concept that we understand.

A status of non-equilibrium is shaped or as he writes:

A further alternative which functions in full non-equilibrium is S-PRES.

Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics.

The removal of atoms from the bulk material is done by vaporization of the bulk at the surface region in a state of non-equilibrium.

Quantum non-equilibrium is a concept within stochastic formulations of the De Broglie-Bohm theory of quantum physics.

By substituting the expanded equilibrium and non-equilibrium into the Taylor expansion and separating into different orders of , the continuum equations are nearly derived.

Lindblad G. Non-Equilibrium Entropy and Irreversibility.

Series in Plasma Physics: Non-Equilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmospheric Pressure.

As a small sample, it can be shown that the whole field of thermodynamics (both equilibrium and non-equilibrium) can be derived from the MFI approach.

The existence of quantum non-equilibrium states has not been verified experimentally; quantum non-equilibrium is so far a theoretical construct.

That is, properties of quantum non-equilibrium can make certain classes of Bohmian theories falsifiable according to the criterion of Karl Popper.

Currently, much more sophisticated theoretical approaches, based on Quantum Field Theory and Non-equilibrium Green's Function Theory are very popular.

Gregoire Nicolis and Ilya Prigogine (1977) Self-Organization in Non-Equilibrium Systems, Wiley.

Chain reactions are one way in which systems which are in thermodynamic non-equilibrium can release energy or increase entropy in order to reach a state of higher entropy.

Samuel Colin: Quantum non-equilibrium and relaxation to equilibrium for a class of de Broglie-Bohm-type theories, 2010 New Journal of Physícs 12 043008 (abstract, fulltext)

Berger, S. (2009) "The Foundations of Non-Equilibrium Economics: The Principle of Circular Cumulative Causation", Routledge.

Many contributions have been made to this field in recent years, such as "The Foundations of Non-Equilibrium Economics: The Principle of Circular Cumulative Causation" (2009), Routledge.

The value of the electrode potential under non-equilibrium depends on the nature and composition of the contacting phases, and on the kinetics of electrode reactions at the interface (see Butler-Volmer equation).

If it is assumed, for the purposes of physical analysis, that one is dealing with a system in thermodynamic equilibrium, then statistically it is possible for that system to achieve moments of non-equilibrium.

The methods used in the software products are based primarily on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) techniques and also all the underlying quantum mechanics.

That is, a quantum non-equilibrium is characterized in that the Born rule is not fulfilled; that is, the probability to find the particle in the differential volume at time t is unequal to .

When a body of material starts from a non-equilibrium state of inhomogeneity or chemical non-equilibrium, and is then isolated, it spontaneously evolves towards its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium.

In non-equilibrium thermodynamics, GENERIC is an acronym for General Equation for Non-Equilibrium Reversible-Irreversible Coupling.

Carolyne M. Van Vliet, Equilibrium and Non-equilibrium Statistical Mechanics, (copyright Carolyne M. Van Vliet) World Scientific Publishing Company, Singapore and New Jersey, 2008.

The characteristic time in the thermomass gas model means the lagging time from the temperature gradient to the corresponding heat flux, while the one in the Cattaneo-Vernotte model is the relaxation time from the thermal non-equilibrium to the equilibrium state.