nitronium ion

These two electrons are added to the nitronium ion, reducing it to nitrite.

Its liquid and gaseous forms, however, are molecular and do not contain nitronium ions.

(The nitronium ion is linear like carbon dioxide and their vibrational spectra are similar).

This is different from an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which nitronium ions are the electrophile.

This mixture produces the nitronium ion (NO), which is the active species in aromatic nitration.

The nitration of benzene is achieved via the action of the nitronium ion as the electrophile.

Such groups deactivate (slow) the reaction and directs the electrophilic nitronium ion to attack the aromatic meta position.

The standard synthesis is carried out in a solution of nitric acid, mixed with excess sulfuric acid to create nitronium ions.

Following a 2nd protonation step, one equivalent of water is lost to form nitrogen monoxide cation i.e. the "Nitronium ion" electrophile.

Addition of nitronium ion ipso to halogen occurs on nitration of the p-haloanisoles in acetic anhydride at −60 °C.

The nitration process involves formation the nitronium ion (NO), followed by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction of it with benzene.

In the cases of p-fluoro- and p-chloro-anisole, addition of the nitronium ion is reversible and only small amounts of ipso products are obtained.

In nitration, benzene reacts with nitronium ions (NO), which is a strong electrophile produced by combining sulfuric and nitric acids.

The nitronium ion is generated in situ by the reaction of nitric acid and an acidic dehydration agent, typically sulfuric acid:

Nitrations entail combining nitric and sulfuric acids to generate the nitronium ion, which electrophilically reacts with aromatic compounds such as benzene.

The cation is the linear nitronium ion NO and the anion is the planar nitrate NO ion.

Historically, the nitronium ion was detected by Raman Spectroscopy, since its symmetric stretch is Raman active but Infrared inactive.

In a classic electrophilic substitution reaction, nitric acid and sulfuric acid produce the nitronium ion, which reacts with aromatic compounds in aromatic nitration.

The nitronium ion is isoelectronic with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, and like those molecules has a linear structure with an ONO bond angle of 180 .

The protonation of nitric acid to form nitronium ion and water is found to occur at similar rates at both acid concentrations and to have an activation energy of 18.3 ± 4.0 kcal mol−1.

A stopped-flow spectrometer has been used to investigate the mechanism of the nitration of toluene, and to determine kinetic parameters for the formation and reaction of nitronium ion, in 77.3 and 78.45 wt.% sulphuric acid.