nail dystrophy

Trichophyton rubrum is the most common fungal cause of nail dystrophy.

Progressive nail dystrophy begins with ridging and longitudinal splitting.

Nail dystrophy is seen in approximately 90% of patients, with fingernail involvement often preceding toenail involvement.

Fingernails and toenails are frequently affected (psoriatic nail dystrophy) and can be seen as an isolated sign.

Some children have sparse and greying hair, café au lait spots and nail dystrophy.

Physical: The triad of reticulated hyperpigmentation of the skin, nail dystrophy, and leukoplakia characterizes DKC.

Clinical hallmarks, in addition to blisters and erosions of the skin and mucous membranes, include nail dystrophy, loss of hair, and dental anomalies.

Other clinical features may include palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, nail dystrophy, intellectual deficit, disturbances of skin pigmentation (perioral and periorbital hyperpigmentation, vitiligo, and perinevic leukoderma) and hypodontia.

ANOTHER syndrome consists of alopecia, nail dystrophy, ophthalmic complications, thyroid dysfunction, hypohidrosis, ephelides and enteropathy, and respiratory tract infections.

Pachyonychia congenita type 2, an autosomal dominant inherited disorder, is characterized by hypertrophic nail dystrophy, focal keratoderma, multiple pilosebaceous cysts, and a variety of conditions associated with ectodermal dysplasia.

Patients with DC have severe bone marrow failure manifesting as abnormal skin pigmentation, leucoplakia (a white thickening of the oral mucosa), and nail dystrophy, as well as a variety of other symptoms.

The disorder manifests with psoriasiform or eczematous dermatitis, nail dystrophy, autoimmune endocrinopathies (overlapping with those seen in APECED syndrome), and autoimmune skin conditions such as alopecia universalis and bullous pemphigoid.

Palmoplantar keratoderma and spastic paraplegia (also known as "Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease with palmoplantar keratoderma and nail dystrophy") is an autosomal dominant or x-linked dominant condition that begins in early childhood with thick focal keratoderma over the soles and, to a lesser extent, the palms.