microwave radiometer

The microwave radiometers on the Nimbus-7 satellite pick up these differences.

Microwave radiometers are being used remotely to measure the liquid water contents of clouds.

Less accurate are the measurements from microwave radiometers that can operate in cloudy areas.

Remote sensing soundings generally use passive infrared and microwave radiometers:

These differential microwave radiometers recorded temperatures at three wavelengths, creating a map of the sky as it would appear if humans could see microwaves.

Because clouds are translucent in the microwave regime, especially at lower frequencies, microwave radiometers are quite weather insensitive.

The Juno spacecraft, launched in 2011, will characterize the atmosphere of Jupiter using a suite of microwave radiometers.

Figure 34: Microwave radiometers built by RCRU.

MSC scientists have planned a follow-up campaign for April 2005, and will include data acquisition from airborne and ground-based microwave radiometers.

Columns are also returned by the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method and are a common retrieval product from nadir-looking microwave radiometers.

The extent of Arctic sea ice, as observed primarily by passive microwave radiometers on satellites, has decreased at a rate of about three per cent per decade since the 1970s.

The three instruments, called differential microwave radiometers, were capable of recording temperature at three microwave wavelengths with the sensitivity to variations as fine as a hundred-thousandth of a degree.

Two flight line networks were flown with the Canadian National Research Council’s Twin Otter aircraft fitted with Meteorological Service of Canada microwave radiometers.

Measurements of precipitable water vapor by ground-based microwave radiometers (MWRs) showed that batch-to-batch variations of radiosonde humidity measurements were responsible for some of the inconsistencies.

The concentration can then be determined by counting the number of ice pixels in a given area which is useful for validating concentration estimates from lower resolution instruments such as microwave radiometers.

Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM) is a fast radiative transfer model for calculations of radiances for satellite infrared or microwave radiometers.

More recently, progress has been made mapping snow cover using data from passive microwave radiometers flown aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites (Grody, 1991).

Among the satellites used, the passive DMSP observations are from the microwave radiometers on the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI ).

With a new generation of microwave radiometers and atmospheric sounders, he has just begun to lead a renewed effort again to retrieve evaporation directly from the radiance measured by space based microwave radiometer.

Since most microwave radiometers operate along a polar orbit with a broad, sweeping scan, full ice maps of the polar regions where the swaths are largely overlapping can usually be obtained within one day.

Microwave radiometers can be further equipped to measure the vertical and horizontal components of the surface seawater's brightness temperature, which relates to the horizontal and vertical components of the emissivity as:

All warm objects emit low level microwave black-body radiation, depending on their temperature, so in meteorology and remote sensing microwave radiometers are used to measure the temperature of objects or terrain .

Snow on sea ice is an important component of the Arctic research of Barber and colleagues at the University of Manitoba using spaceborne and surface based microwave radiometers and synthetic aperture radars.

For the first time, the GPM core observatory sensor measurements will make detailed observations of precipitation particle size distribution, which is key to improving the accuracy of precipitation estimates by microwave radiometers and radars.

Satellite-mounted, microwave radiometers, such SSMI, AMSR and AMSU, are an ideal tool for the task because they can see through cloud cover, and they have frequent, global coverage.