microdialysis

However, more recent in vivo studies that involved performing microdialysis on rats showed a different trend.

The new soft plastic probe is designed to take microdialysis samples from soft tissues or blood vessels.

Due to the constant perfusion of the microdialysis probe with fresh perfusate, a total equilibrium cannot be established.

The recovery can be determined at steady-state using the constant rate of analyte exchange across the microdialysis membrane.

The proper selection of an appropriate calibration method is critically important for the success of a microdialysis experiment.

From a practical perspective, it has been suggested to perform microdialysis experiments within an optimal time window, usually 24-48 hours after probe insertion.

Similarly, Carlson et al found an increase in aspartate and glutamate by microdialysis during intraoperative recording.

The molecular weight cutoff of commercially available microdialysis probes covers a wide range of approximately 20-100kD.

The microdialysis probe is a modification of our concentric rodent probe as previously described.

Application of the microdialysis technique is often limited by the determination of the probe's recovery, especially for in vivo experiments.

We used bilateral intrahippocampal microdialysis to test the hypothesis that an increase in extracellular glutamate may trigger spontaneous seizures.

Recent research has gone into monitoring brain metabolism for ischaemia, in particular the parameters of glucose, glycerol, and glutamate through microdialysis.

To date, microdialysis is the only sampling technique that can continuously monitor drug or metabolite concentrations in the extracellular fluid of virtually any tissue.

Surgery can also be used for microdialysis protocols to implant and tether the dialysis probe and guide cannula.

The opportunity to test microdialysis acutely in man was provided by stereotaxic treatment in parkinsonism but its clinical value in this context is not evident.

During and Spencer's study differs from earlier ones in which microdialysis was used in that it involved chronic monitoring (up to 16 days) in conscious patients.

Combination of microdialysis with modern imaging techniques, such positron emission tomography, further allow for determination of intracellular concentrations.

Despite scientific advances in making microdialysis probes smaller and more efficient, the invasive nature of this technique still poses some practical and ethical limitations.

Exogenous drugs to be analyzed by microdialysis include new antidepressants, antipsychotics, and many other drugs that have their pharmacological effect site in the brain.

By using flow rates of 50 nL/min, this technique minimizes tissue damage while providing finer spatial resolution than microdialysis sampling.

In rodents, the main applications of stereotactic surgery are to introduce fluids directly to the brain or to implant cannula and microdialysis probes.

The front runner has long seemed to be head injury, in which a microdialysis probe might readily accompany a pressure monitor and provide a guide to metabolic state.

Commercially available microdialysis probes typically have molecular weight cutoffs that range from 1,000 to 300,000 Da, and larger thresholds of filtration are measured in microns.

During retrodialysis, the microdialysis probe is perfused with an analyte-containing solution and the disappearance of drug from the probe is monitored.

In patients with refractory complex partial seizures requiring depth electrode studies, During and Spencer implanted microdialysis probes bilaterally along the hippocampus.