mandelic acid

Other names in common use include L-mandelate 4-hydroxylase, and mandelic acid 4-hydroxylase.

The immediate product is 4-hydroxy mandelic acid.

The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.

The synthesis of mandelic acid starts from benzaldehyde:

Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.

The alcohol (S)-enantiomer forms an insoluble diastereomeric salt with the mandelic acid and can be filtered from the solution.

Phenylglyoxylic acid can be synthesized by oxidation of mandelic acid with potassium permanganate.

Mandelic acid was discovered while heating amygdalin, an extract of bitter almonds, with diluted hydrochloric acid.

First hydrocyanic acid is added to benzaldehyde, and the resulting nitrile is subsequently hydrolysed to mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile, which is the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde.

As the mandelic acid salt (generic methenamine mandelate, USP) it is used for the treatment of urinary tract infection.

The N-acyliminium cyclization route; and the mandelic acid and styrene oxide route were employed for most of the target compounds.

Vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) is an end-stage metabolite of the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Once inside the body, ethylbenzene biodegrades, to 1-phenylethanol, acetophenone, phenylglyoxylic acid, mandelic acid, benzoic acid, hippuric acid.

It decomposes at an acid pH to form formaldehyde and ammonia, and the formaldehyde is bactericidal; the mandelic acid adds to this effect.

Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase.

Alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic acid, mandelic acid, and glycolic acid (for example, Alpha Hydrox) are often used in products to treat acne.

A higher than normal amount of homovanillic acid (HMA) and vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA) may be a sign of neuroblastoma.

Many well-known α-hydroxy acids are useful building blocks in organic synthesis: the most common and simple are glycolic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, mandelic acid.

Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula CHCH(OH)COH.

Kinetic resolution by synthetic means was first reported by Marckwald and McKenzie in 1899 in the esterification of racemic mandelic acid with optically active ( )-menthol.

Later research showed that sulfuric acid decomposes it into -glucose, benzaldehyde, and prussic acid; while hydrochloric acid gives mandelic acid, -glucose, and ammonia.

For example, when a urine test result shows a higher than normal amount of homovanillic acid (HMA) or vanillyl mandelic acid (VMA), tests and treatments for neuroblastoma are likely to be done, but may not be needed.

The internal bridging hydrogen is locked in its place on the NMR timescale: in mandelic acid (2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid) this proton couples to the one on carbon in the same way and magnitude as hydrogens on geminal carbon atoms.