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The reasons behind this can be explained by ligand field theory.
The more recent ligand field theory offers an easy to understand explanation that models phenomenon relatively well.
Relatively detailed descriptions are provided by ligand field theory.
Ligand field theory a development of crystal field theory taking covalency into account.
This is used in the Hückel method, ligand field theory, and the Woodward-Hoffmann rules.
The rationale for why the spin states exist according to ligand field theory is essentially the same as the crystal field theory explanation.
Together with F. Ilse, his first student, he developed Ligand field theory a mayor advance in the understanding of complex compounds.
Leslie E. Orgel, An introduction to transition-metal chemistry: the ligand field theory.
Physicist Hans Bethe used characters of point group operations in his study of ligand field theory in 1929.
The semi-empirical theoretical treatment of just how and why this occurs falls under the topic of "ligand field theory" or "crystal field theory".
If you look in an intermediate Inorganic Chemistry text, you will find the topic "ligand field theory" discussed in detail.
Ligand field theory (LFT) describes the bonding, orbital arrangement, and other characteristics of coordination complexes.
The chemical applications of group theory can aid in the understanding of crystal or ligand field theory, by allowing simple, symmetry based solutions to the formal equations.
This framework is also useful in studying the symmetry of molecular orbitals, with applications such as the Hückel method, ligand field theory, and the Woodward-Hoffmann rules.
This work, which integrated concepts from ligand field theory and physical organic chemistry, signaled a shift from a highly descriptive nature of coordination chemistry to a more quantitative science.
More sophisticated models embrace covalency, and this approach is described by ligand field theory (LFT) and Molecular orbital theory (MO).
A novel solution chemistry was discovered that led, for example, to an understanding, on the basis of ligand field theory, of complex ions and coordination complexes in these highly ionic liquids.
The formalism has been incorporated into the two major models used to describe coordination complexes; crystal field theory and ligand field theory which is its adaptation to molecular orbital theory.
Ligand field theory, introduced in 1935 and built from molecular orbital theory, can handle a broader range of complexes and can explain complexes in which the interactions are covalent.
The magnetism of ferric compounds is mainly determined by these five electrons, and their behavior depends on the number and type of ligands attached to iron, as described by ligand field theory.
More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory.
He contributed to all fields of physical chemistry and was instrumental in establishing theoretical chemistry by developing Ligand field theory (1947) and other quantum chemical models including the Hartmann Potential (1971).
This challenge has spawned many semi-quantitative or semi-empirical approaches including molecular orbital theory and ligand field theory, In parallel with these theoretical descriptions, approximate methodologies are employed, including density functional theory.
CFT was subsequently combined with molecular orbital theory to form the more realistic and complex ligand field theory (LFT), which delivers insight into the process of chemical bonding in transition metal complexes.
The rapid interest in the SCO phenomenon since those times has led to a greater understanding of metal complexes and ligand field theory leading to advanced technological applications such as switches, data storage and optical displays.