legitimism

Sometimes the principle of legitimism was voiced in an explicitly Anglican context.

Country Jacobitism and legitimism were not necessarily incompatible.

Jacobite propaganda repeatedly rehearsed the principles of Stuart legitimism.

Episcopalianism, combined with legitimism, therefore, became the major ground for Scottish Jacobitism.

In foreign policy, Nicholas I acted as the protector of ruling legitimism and guardian against revolution.

Legitimism refers to the royalists who refused to accept the French Republic during the 19th century.

Rather, it is explicitly a title of pretense, associated historically, politically and symbolically with French Legitimism.

Most scholars have tended to stress the principle of Stuart legitimism as being fundamental to Jacobitism, and certainly this was a significant element.

Under Madame de Berny's education, his Imperialism was transformed into Legitimism.

Yet such evidence, taken at face value, perhaps gives a misleading impression about the significance of legitimism as a determinant of Jacobite disaffection.

In this sense, it is akin to the French Reactionaries (Legitimism) and Joseph de Maistre's thinking.

Although from early on connected with Legitimism, he became closely associated with the Republican Alphonse de Lamartine, to whose paper, Le Bien Public, he was a principal contributor.

According to historian René Rémond's famous 1954 book, Les Droites en France, Bonapartism constitutes one of the three French right-wing families, the latest one, created after far-right Legitimism and center-right Orleanism.

Zeev Sternhell traces the roots of Fascism to revolutionary far-left French movements, adding a branch, called the 'revolutionary right', to the three traditional right-wing families cited by René Rémond - (legitimism, orleanism and bonapartism).

Rémond is the originator of the famous division of French right-wing parties and movement into three different currents, each one of which appeared during a specific phase of French history: Legitimism (counter-revolutionaries), Orléanism, and Bonapartism.

It will be suggested that those who became Jacobites because of a deep attachment to the principles of divine-right monarchy and Stuart legitimism were relatively few; most who turned to Jacobitism did so because of disillusionment with developments after the Glorious Revolution.

And that the nobility did not vote in King William for the good of the Commonwealth nor for religion but to preserve their riches and honours' - a curious speech which combined legitimism with Country Jacobitism and even a sense of class hostility.

In 1815, at the end of the Napoleonic wars, the major powers of Europe tried to restore the old dynastic system as far as possible, ignoring the principle of nationality in favour of "legitimism", the assertion of traditional claims to royal authority.

After the restoration of the Bourbons (1815), the liberals were identified with the Orléanists, who rejected the legitimism of the elder branch as well as Bonapartism, which in their view was essentially "democratic Caesarism" - an equal submission of all men to one despotic ruler.

Under the Fifth Republic, presidents Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Jacques Chirac have both been classed on the Orléanist tradition of the three French right-wing families identified by historian René Rémond (Bonapartism and Legitimism being the two others).

Parties with a Breton nationalist agenda include those seeking autonomy, such as the UDB or the Parti Breton, several federalist groups, anarchists such as Treger Disuj, traditionalists (linked to French royalism and legitimism), independentists, and Extreme right such as Adsav.