laryngotracheitis

Laryngotracheitis refers to the combination of the following two conditions:

Some people call severe laryngotracheitis croup.

Viral croup or acute laryngotracheitis is caused by parainfluenza virus, primarily types 1 and 2, in 75% of cases.

The disease is usually referred to as Infectious laryngotracheitis or simply LT in the poultry industry.

The avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus is phylogenetically distant from these two viruses and serves to underline similarity and diversity within the Alphaherpesvirinae.

Others use the term more broadly, to include acute laryngotracheitis, spasmodic croup, laryngeal diphtheria, bacterial tracheitis, laryngotracheobronchitis, and laryngotracheobronchopneumonitis.

Acute respiratory distress and wheezing or fungal cast production can occur with necrotizing tracheobronchitis, and stridor can occur with laryngotracheitis (214,217,225).

Gallid herpesvirus 1 (GaHV-1) (also known as Avian herpesvirus 1) is a virus of the family Herpesviridae that causes avian infectious laryngotracheitis.

Spasmodic croup is caused by the same group of viruses as acute laryngotracheitis, but lacks the usual signs of infection (such as fever, sore throat, and increased white blood cell count).

Other respiratory diseases of chickens (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, avian infectious laryngotracheitis Gallid herpesvirus 1, Newcastle disease, Avian metapneumovirus infection may be confused clinically to infectious bronchitis.

Other diseases such as mycoplasmosis by Mycoplasma gallisepticum (chronic respiratory disease), Newcastle disease by mesogenic strains of Newcastle diseases virus (APMV-1), avian metapneumovirus, infectious laryngotracheitis, avian infectious coryza in some stages may clinically resemble IB.

Causes of upper airway obstruction, foreign body aspiration, blunt laryngotracheal trauma, penetrating laryngotracheal trauma, tonsillar hypertrophy, paralysis of the vocal cord or vocal fold, acute laryngotracheitis such as viral croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, peritonsillar abscess, pertussis, retropharyngeal abscess, spasmodic croup.