lactogen
lactotrophin

For information on the human form, see Human placental lactogen.

Changes are caused by steroid hormones, lactogen, and cortisol.

The structure of prolactin is similar to that of growth hormone and placental lactogen.

Placental lactogen is a polypeptide placental hormone, part of the somatotropin family.

This is likely due to pregnancy related factors such as the presence of human placental lactogen that interferes with susceptible insulin receptors.

Increased levels of certain hormones (including cortisol, estrogen, and human placental lactogen) interfere with the ability of insulin to manage blood sugar.

Additionally, human placental lactogen (hPL) is produced by the placenta, ensuring nutrient supply to the fetus.

It may secrete human placental lactogen (human chorionic somatomammotropin), and result in a false-positive pregnancy test.

Cortisol and progesterone are the main culprits, but human placental lactogen, prolactin and estradiol contribute, too.

Prolactin and/or placental lactogen are required for tight junction closure while progesterone is the main hormone preventing closure before birth.

These sacs develop after specific hormones (such as estrogen, progesterone, pituitary prolactin, and placental lactogen) stimulate them, beginning during the second trimester of pregnancy.

An enhancer for the human placental lactogen gene is found 2 kb downstream of the gene and participates in the cell-specific control gene expression.

This contrasts with the lack of conservation of Tnfrh1 , and the species-specific imprinting of at least one placental lactogen gene [ 20 ] .

Placental lactogen I may be important in stimulating mammary cell proliferation and in stimulating some of the adaptations of the maternal lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Placental lactogen I and II were identified as prolactin-like molecules that can bind to prolactin receptor with high affinity and mimic the actions of prolactin.

Human placental lactogen (hPL), also called human chorionic somatomammotropin (HCS), is a polypeptide placental hormone.

Human placental lactogen (HPL) - From the second month of pregnancy, the placenta releases large amounts of HPL.

Maturing into type 3 and then reaching full differentiation as type 4 lobules requires an increase of human placental lactogen (hPL) which occurs in the last few months of pregnancy.

Human placental lactogen (hPL) is produced by the placenta and stimulates lipolysis and fatty acid metabolism by the woman, conserving blood glucose for use by the fetus.

The syncytiotrophoblast secretes progesterone in addition to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL); hCG prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum.

Human placental lactogen is present in the tumor cells, while immunoperoxidase staining for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is positive in only scattered cells, and serum hCG is relatively low.

Genes for human growth hormone, known as growth hormone 1 (somatotropin) and growth hormone 2, are localized in the q22-24 region of chromosome 17 and are closely related to human chorionic somatomammotropin (also known as placental lactogen) genes.

Anecdotal examples, including pregnancy-associated glycoproteins, trophoblast interferons, the Pem and Psx homeobox genes, and the placental lactogen genes support the notion that 'placental genes' evolve rapidly [ 12 13 14 15 16 17 ] , but counter-examples can also be adduced.