In 2001 it passed near the Earth, allowing for a series of observations at differing phase angles.
More calculations, now with lots of frequencies and phase angles.
PM changes the phase angle of the complex envelope in direct proportion to the message signal.
The phase matching angle makes possible any gain at all (0th order).
Sometimes the analyst is only interested in the magnitude of the gain and not the phase angle.
At a phase angle of zero degrees, these shadow areas become negligible.
The effect is usually only visible for a very small range of phase angles near zero.
The closest analogy I can come up with in trying to explain these differences between numbers is relating the process to phase angles.
The phase angle would establish whether it were a 21, or a 12.
The shape of the light curve at the maximum was found to change with phase angle.