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Ionomers:synthetic polymers containing ionisable groups, either covalently bound to polymer chains or in the polymer matrix.
The response is triggered due to the presence of ionisable functional groups (like -COOH, -NH) which get ionized and acquire a charge (+/-) in a certain pH.
Furthermore, the ionizable group is favorable for the binding affinity.
The ionizable groups incorporated into the polymer are formed by the reaction of an acid and a base to form a salt.
The particular charge, positive or negative, which is imparted to the polymer depends on the chemical nature of the ionizable group.
The distribution coefficient (Log D) is the correct descriptor for ionizable systems.
The low energetic costs of such ionization effects have indeed been observed for protein mutants with buried ionizable residues.
A polymer molecule containing ionizable subunits is known as a polyelectrolyte or ionomer.
S1 mechanisms are operative for compounds that form carbocations easily, while S2 reactions take place with less ionizable compounds.
If the ionizable groups on the polymer are acids, the polymer will carry a negative charge when salted with a base.
This is exploited in drug development to increase the concentration of a compound in the blood by adjusting the p'K'a of an ionizable group.
Small amounts of acrylic acid or other ionizable monomers are sometimes used to confer colloidal stability to a dispersion.
The pharmacophore has four features; one aromatic ring, two hydrophobic features and one positive ionizable feature.
The end-groups of these polymers are ionic or ionizable like carboxylate or quaternary ammonium groups.
Phosphorous acid is a diprotic acid, since the hydrogen bonded directly to the central phosphorus atom is not ionizable.
The slate underlying what became the town of Monson, Maine had very low ionizable mineral content, and was well suited for manufacture of electric switchboards.
Excellent radiation stability of PPEs can be ascribed to the limited number of ionizable carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.
Exceptions include organic compounds that contain ionizable groups as well as low molecular weight alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids where hydrogen bonding occurs.
It has two ionizable groups in the physiological range (the amino group in alpha-position to the amide carbonyl group and the carboxyl group).
Log P is not an accurate determinant of lipophilicity for ionizable compounds because it only correctly describes the partition coefficient of neutral (uncharged) molecules.
Due to the numerous ionizable side chains of amino acids found throughout a protein, the pH at which a protein is placed is crucial to its stability.
A set of empirical rules relating the protein structure to the pKa values of ionizable residues have been developed by Li, Robertson, and Jensen.
The heating of a gas to its plasma state or the addition of other easily ionizable substances like the salts of alkali metals can accomplish this increase.
Although these are the most common, other residues with ionizable side chains such as histidine, tyrosine, and serine can also participate, depending on outside factors perturbing their pKs.
Since the majority of drugs (approximately 80%) are ionizable, log P is not an appropriate predictor of a compound's behaviour in the changing pH environments of the body.
And Br2's solubility in water is higher because of this ionization... Alkali metals like sodium dissociate irreversibly in water; all products are ions or ionizable.
To measure the partition coefficient of ionizable solutes, the pH of the aqueous phase is adjusted such that the predominant form of the compound is un-ionized.