intravasation

In active intravasation, cancerous cells actively migrate toward and then into nearby blood vessels.

Intravasation of the circulatory system: the cell enters the bloodstream or lymph channels.

Passive intravasation refers to a process in which tumors metastasize through passive shedding.

This malignant phenotype allows for intravasation into the circulation, followed by extravasation to a second site for tumorigenesis.

Additionally, during intravasation, invadopodia-like protrusions in tumor cells have been observed in vivo by intravital imaging.

There is also an important safety issue with Lipiodol in that intravasation (leakage) of the fluid into the venous system has caused complications in the past.

It has been found to down-regulate the tumor suppressor PDCD4, thus aiding in the cancer's invasion, intravasation and metastasis.

Complications of the procedure include infection, allergic reactions to the materials used, intravasation of the material, and, if oil-based material is used, embolisation.

EMT cells, with migratory phenotype, degrade the ECM and penetrate local tissue and blood or lymphatic vessels, thereby facilitating intravasation.

Carcinoma cells in primary tumor lose cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin repression and break through the basement membrane with increased invasive properties, and enter the bloodstream through intravasation.

Studies have revealed that macrophages enhance tumor cell migration and intravasation by secreting chemotactic and chemokinetic factors, promoting angiogenesis, remodeling the ECM, and regulating the formation of collagen fibers.

By helping to degrade the ECM surrounding the tumor, hyaluronidases help the cancer cell escape from the primary tumor mass and play a major role in intravasation by allowing degradation of the basement membrane of the lymph or blood vessel.

During the processes of intravasation or extravasation, the interaction of HAS produced HA with receptors such as CD44 or RHAMM promote the cell changes that allow for the cancer cells to infiltrate the vascular or lymphatic systems.