interstitial atom

Typically only one interstitial atom is required per lattice plane of the dislocation.

These atoms are referred to as interstitial atoms, or simply interstitials.

If a dislocation comes in contact with two or more interstitial atoms, the slip of the planes will again be disrupted.

An interstitial atom and its associated vacancy are known as a Frenkel defect.

Such sites can be characterized by the symmetry of the interstitial atom position with respect to its nearest lattice atoms.

Some steels are designed to remove the Cottrell atmosphere effect by removing all the interstitial atoms.

The interstitial atoms create anchor points, or pinning points, in the same manner as intersecting dislocations.

Small impurity interstitial atoms are usually on true off-lattice sites between the lattice atoms.

By varying the presence of interstitial atoms and the density of dislocations, a particular metal's hardness can be controlled.

For clusters consisting mostly of transition metals, any main group elements present are often best counted as ligands or interstitial atoms, rather than vertices.

The interstitial atom becomes trapped on the lip of the vacancy, and there is a barrier for it to recombine to give perfect graphite.

As these interstitial atoms distort the lattice slightly, there will be an associated residual stress field surrounding the interstitial.

Similarly, as more interstitial atoms are added, more pinning points that impede the movements of dislocations are formed.

Often, they are solids that contain crystallographic point defects, such as interstitial atoms and vacancies, which result in excess or deficiency of an element, respectively.

Every natural diamond crystal contains impurities and typical intrinsic or self-defects: vacancies, dislocations, and interstitial atoms.

Jogs are often very immobile compared to kinks, and require diffusion of crystallographic defects like vacancies or interstitial atoms to climb.

The way to inhibit the movement of planes of atoms, and thus make them harder, involves the interaction of dislocations with each other and interstitial atoms.

Further, it occurs without the diffusion of either substitutional or interstitial atoms and so martensite inherits the composition of the parent austenite.

This stress field can be relaxed by the interstitial atom diffusing towards a dislocation, which contains a small gap at its core (as it is a more open structure), see Figure 1.

Instead materials scientists manipulate the crystallographic defect in crystalline materials such as precipitates, grain boundaries (Hall-Petch), interstitial atoms, vacancies or substitutional atoms, to create materials with the desired properties.

Yakov Frenkel (sometimes, Jakov/Jacov Frenkel) proposed, and elaborated in 1926, the idea of diffusion in crystals through local defects (vacancies and interstitial atoms).

The intersection of dislocations creates an anchor point and does not allow the planes of atoms to continue to slip over one another A dislocation can also be anchored by the interaction with interstitial atoms.

Irradiation displaces an atom from its site, leaving a vacant site behind (a vacancy) and the displaced atom eventually comes to rest in a location that is between lattice sites, becoming an interstitial atom.

A well-studied class of solid state compounds related to the chalcohalides are molybdenum clusters of the type AMoX with X sulfur or selenium and A an interstitial atom such as Pb.