The dispute was a test of China's copyright laws, which legal experts have said fail to protect foreign intellectual-property rights.
The Act both affirms the intellectual-property rights of software developers and provides unprecedented consumer protections to purchasers of computer equipment.
"People in the private sector have always exercised intellectual-property rights," she said.
Still, Mr. Kastenmeier has been responsible for strengthening intellectual-property rights in many areas.
Manufacturers or their licensees often seek to enforce trademark or other intellectual-property rights against the grey market.
"Disney does not have some kind of general intellectual-property right in Disney World itself."
But investment in China, with its uncertain political outlook and its frequent flouting of American intellectual-property rights, has slowed.
Washington has said that until Argentina passes a law that protects intellectual-property rights, it will not become a member of the trade pact.
Hong Kong's myriad freedoms, uncensored media, firm line on corruption and protection of intellectual-property rights could also give it the stamina for the long haul.
Alloy retains the intellectual-property rights to all the work, but writers share in the revenue generated from the rights.