hydrops fetalis

The non-immune form of hydrops fetalis has many causes including:

It can cause hydrops fetalis in infants.

Nonimmune hydrops fetalis associated with maternal infection with syphilis.

The prenatal manifestations are known as hydrops fetalis; in severe forms this can include petechiae and purpura.

Hydrops fetalis is a condition of the fetus characterized by an accumulation of fluid, or edema, in at least two fetal compartments.

This fetal disease ranges from mild to very severe, and fetal death from heart failure (hydrops fetalis) can occur.

Hydrops fetalis usually stems from fetal anemia, when the heart needs to pump a much greater volume of blood to deliver the same amount of oxygen.

When the disease is very severe it may cause haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN), hydrops fetalis or stillbirth.

Untreated early syphilis during pregnancy can lead to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, hydrops fetalis, preterm delivery, and perinatal death in up to 40% of pregnancies (142).

Complications of the mass effect of a large SCT may include hip dysplasia, bowel obstruction, urinary obstruction, hydronephrosis and hydrops fetalis.

Similarly, a pregnant woman may develop antibodies against fetal red blood cells, resulting in destruction, anemia, and hydrops fetalis in a process known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN).

Aids to diagnosing might include the presence of macrosomia, polyhydramnios, elevated maternal serum-α-fetoprotein, cystic hygroma, hydrops fetalis, increased nuchal translucency, craniofacial abnormalities, visceromegaly, renal abnormalities, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, polydactyly, and a single umbilical artery.