hortative
hortatory

When distinctions are made, together they are called "hortative moods".

Constructions with let+me (first person singular) are not hortative but rather permissive.

Finally, the particle よ yo is used in a hortative or vocative sense.

The purpose of the work was both scholarly and hortative, warning future generations of the Viking menace.

Hortative modality is often mistaken for other modalities due to semantic or lexical similarities.

The adhortative is a hortative modality in English.

Hortative modalities encourage or urge.

Ambiguity also arises from hortative use of modals normally utilized for expression of other modalities.

Hortative mood:

Hortative modalities signal the speaker's encouragement or discouragement toward the addressee's bringing about the proposition of an utterance.

This creates constructions which have dual hortative modalities but which remain overall cohortative.

Hortative constructions also rarely have forms that are uniquely hortative.

Further ambiguity often results from the structure of hortative formations which can sometimes have many words or appear as adverbially modified forms of other modalities:

Potential mood is marked with -hang and hortative with the particle ts'an (in the same position as the tense suffixes).

An additional kind of imperative, which may be called the optative or hortative, is formed by using the particle naj with the present indicative.

Consider the modal '(have) got' which is most often used in an obligatory modality but which can also appear in hortative usage:

The hortative mood (alternatively, "hortatory") is used to express plea, insistence, imploring, self-encouragement, wish, desire, intent, command, purpose or consequence.

In English, there are seven hortative modalities: the adhortative, exhortative, suprahortative, cohortative, dehortative, inhortative, and infrahortative.

Realis refers to something that has happened or is happening; irrealis refers to future tense and hypotheticals; and hortative (only in third persons) is used in commands.

For this reason hortative constructions can only be used in the first person plural (cohortative) and second person singular and plural (adhortative, exhortative, dehortative, and inhortative).

Erasmus indeed employs, primarily, deliberative and epideictic forms of rhetoric within Christian Prince, because it has the purpose of a conduct book, also referred to as a courtesy book or hortative and advisory literature.

Malotki distinguishes between primary and secondary functions of the -ni suffix, arguing that its primary function is temporal reference and that its many modal functions such as imperative, hortative and desiderative are of secondary importance.

Although the cohortative is itself a fairly neutral modality with regard to attitude, usually reflecting a mutual encouragement to partake in the proposition of the utterance with little more than tacit urging, it can be combined with the implied meanings of the other six hortative modalities.

Charles was the subject of a hortative piece of Latin prose, the Visio Karoli Grossi, designed to champion the cause of Louis the Blind and warn the Carolingians that their continued rule was not certain if they did not have "divine" (i.e. ecclesiastical) favour.

"Hortatory talk about what the Iraqi government must do is getting old.

The words were ordinary enough, and to my mind there was in them something so hortatory that I almost smiled.

But this appears to be a hortatory, rather than doctrinal statement.

Even with control of the Congress, the Democrats' role in changing things will be hortatory.

He deployed his hortatory words to full emotional effect.

It is his hope that with a return to what he calls principles law may yet recover its hortatory function.

In such an environment, the United Nations' role is chiefly hortatory.

That does not mean that the movies are unanimously tragic or hortatory.

What is being expressed here is a statement about the limits of law's hortatory function.

This phrase is not used lightly, nor in its hortatory political sense, but in a very personal way.

"But a lot of what a President can do is hortatory - encourage the people that have the responsibility, the main responsibility, for education."

If nothing else, it adds a timely new dimension to the hortatory reminder "It's the economy, stupid."

One Western diplomat described the Israeli decision as "hortatory."

The line is typical, though, of the hortatory text, which seems to be trying to rally its audience into rebellion against complacency.

And sometimes his stands are simply hortatory.

It is bland, vague, hortatory and lacking in substance.

Always there was this lamenting hortatory quality, too insistent to be passed off as mere whining.

Henry cried in his new hortatory voice.

The world is full of wisdom - folk and otherwise - about how best to respond to loss, much of it hortatory in nature.

I loved the history, the weight, the certitude, the hortatory, backward-looking mood those churches offer.

Barker's poetry, however, is largely of a different order: rebellious, mad, hortatory, and still singing after all these years.

Denied military enforcement, and with economic sanctions of limited effect, the international community's effort to restrain aggressors becomes hortatory.

The letters most frequently reprinted or referred to are of a hortatory nature, such as Ep.

By its nature, "Let Me Live" is hortatory.

She is consulting with historians to select hortatory excerpts from "the most terrible and the better speeches," she said.