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In C. pneumoniae , variation of the short repeat of homopolymeric nucleotides was first identified in the pmp family.
In particular cases it is useful to filter the original repeat data to remove certain types of repeats; for example, simple one-base (homopolymeric) or two-base repeats.
The intron sequences are pronouncedly more AT-rich than exons, and contained homopolymeric repeats, a feature which, in our experience, is common in Plasmodium genes.
In the N-terminus of the protein homopolymeric regions of 21 glycines and 21 glutamines separated by a 36 amino acid spacer are found (Figure 1).
In the former study the transition occurred within a homopolymeric AT sequence, while in the second a GpA junction (of type XS) was concerned.
The enzymes that make the A-band (homopolymeric) and B-band (heteropolymeric) O-antigens have been identified and the metabolic pathways defined.
Sequence analysis of one of these clonal isolates (14-P4E) revealed insertion of an extra G within the G 7 homopolymeric region of the TK coding region.
Like these proteins, peripherin can self-assemble to form homopolymeric filamentous networks (networks formed from peripherin protein dimers), but it can also heteropolymerize with neurofilaments in several neuronal types.
The homopolymeric RNA and DNA sequences give very similar parameters per stacked base while the mixed sequence DNA oligomers have appreciably smaller enthalpies and entropies.
Following cDNA synthesis, the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) is used to add a string of identical nucleotides, known as a homopolymeric tail, to the 3' end of the cDNA.
Using in vitro transcription assays, Gerber et al. demonstrated that homopolymeric stretches as short as 10 residues of glutamine or proline fused to the Gal4BD function as activators [ 25 ] .
(There are some other ways to add the 3'-terminal sequence for the first strand of the de novo cDNA synthesis which are much more efficient than homopolymeric tailing, but the sense of the method remains the same).
The genetics for the biosynthesis of the so-called A-band (homopolymeric) and B-band (heteropolymeric) O antigens have been clearly defined, and much progress has been made toward understanding the biochemical pathways of their biosynthesis.
As the homopolymeric tracts become shorter and shorter (up to di- or tri- nucleotide formations), the kappa value decreases and the point on the pattern will be placed also in the middle, but lower on the Y-axis.
Inside a pattern, long homopolymeric tracts will be plotted in the upper part of the pattern (relative to the nucleotide frequency of the entire sequence) and tandem short tracts will be plotted in the middle of the pattern.
Sequence analysis of the TK coding region from all five plaque isolates identified a G nucleotide insertion in the homopolymeric hot-spot G7 tract at nucleotide 435, a common mutation present in other ACV rHSV isolates [ 18 19 ] .