hard shield-fern
polystichum aculeatum latin

Polystichum aculeatum, the hard shield-fern, is an evergreen fern native to Europe.

Ferns found here include wall rue, maidenhair spleenwort, brittle bladder-fern, Hart's-tongue and hard shield-fern.

Ferns are numerous such as Hart's-tongue, Soft Shield-fern and Hard Shield-fern.

These areas contain species typical for semi-natural ancient woodland including hard shield-fern (Polystichum aculeatum) and Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum multiflorum).

Polystichum aculeatum, the hard shield-fern, is an evergreen fern native to Europe.

These areas contain species typical for semi-natural ancient woodland including hard shield-fern (Polystichum aculeatum) and Solomon's-seal (Polygonatum multiflorum).

Algae (Nitella flexilis) and ferns (Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Phegopteris connectilis, Polystichum aculeatum and Dryopteris aemula) are also common.

Indigenous ferns include Asplenium onopteris, Athyrium filix-femina, Phyllitis scolopendrium, Polypodium cambricum, Polypodium vulgare, Polystichum lonchitis, Polystichum aculeatum, and Polystichum setiferum.