graphitization
graphitisation BrE

With all precursors, graphitization seems to be strongly enhanced by hydrostatic pressure.

Baking is followed by graphitization (heat treatment).

Carbonization and graphitization are the two processes responsible for this alignment of the crystalline regions.

The process also has minimal graphitization.

The powder is made by heating powdered petroleum coke above the temperature of graphitization, sometimes with minor modifications.

Silicon carbide is used to produce epitaxial graphene by graphitization at high temperatures.

Temperatures above 1000 C result in predominantly graphitic carbon and an observed shrinkage of the material due to graphitization.

Adding cerium to cast irons opposes graphitization and produces a malleable iron.

Rapid cooling partly or completely suppresses graphitization and leads to the formation of cementite, which is called white iron.

The higher the carbon content and the degree of graphitization (high crystalline) the better the lubricity and resistance to oxidation.

For example, eutectic reactions, martensitic reactions, and graphitization can cause expansions or contractions.

In the manufacture of cast iron, ferrosilicon is used for inoculation of the iron to accelerate graphitization.

Another factor affecting graphitization is the solidification rate; the slower the rate, the greater the time for the carbon to diffuse and accumulate into graphite.

Graphitizing is done in Acheson furnaces or lengthwise graphitization (LWG) furnaces.

There are four main steps in the production of carbon fiber from pitch 1) melt spinning 2) oxidization/precarbonization 3) carbonization and 4) graphitization .

Cast iron behaves in a manner similar to steel at alkaline pH values, but at lower pH values it is subject to graphitization.

In general, this process involves separate stages such as gas decomposition, carbon deposition, fiber growth, fiber thickening, graphitization, and purification and results in hollow fibers.

This step is extremely important because it produces fibers that are stable at the high temperatures of carbonization and graphitization; otherwise, the fibers would fail in those steps of the process.

The oxidized PAN is then placed into a furnace having an inert atmosphere of a gas such as argon, and heated to approximately 2000 C, which induces graphitization of the material, changing the molecular bond structure.

In contrast to the conventional methods where graphene is manufactured, for example, by precipitation of carbon atoms from the gas phase or by thermal graphitization of silicon carbide, the scientists selected aromatic molecules as a starting point in this work.

Corrosion can occur in two ways in ductile iron pipes: graphitization, the leaching away of iron content through corrosion leading to a generally weakened pipe structure, and corrosion pitting, which is a more localized effect also causing weakening of the pipe structure.

To prevent graphitization, diamond treatments have previously required using high pressures (up to 60,000 times atmospheric pressure, or the pressure we experience at sea level) during the annealing process, but such high pressure/high temperature processes are expensive and put limits on the size and amounts of diamonds that can be treated.