gospodarka oparta na przemyśle ciężkim

But lower interest rates are stimulating the old economy, where companies need to pass on higher costs, particularly for energy.

A major difference from the old planned economy is the privatization of state institutions.

And the activity that replaces the old economy will use less energy, the experts say.

"What you see are the death throes of the old economy," she says.

It is the old economy seeking opportunities in the new.

The old economy never heated up like technology, but then it did not collapse either.

"Just goes to show the underlying strength of the good old American economy", the mantra went.

This applies to both new and old economies as well.

You already know, of course, about the new economy and the old economy.

But on this day he wore the shackles of the old economy.