germinal center

Each germinal center has two parts, a dark zone and a light zone.

The primary B cell follicle matures in a germinal center.

T-cells can be stimulated by similar, germinal centre dendritic cells.

Germinal centers are an important part of the B-cell humoral immune response.

This serves as a germinal centre survival signal for autoreactive B-cells.

It is exclusively present in the B-cells of both healthy and neoplastic germinal centres.

The germinal centers are supplied by arterioles called penicilliary radicles.

Hyperplastic germinal centers and Reed-Sternberg cells can also be seen.

Additionally, the epithelium has lymphoid stroma with germinal center formation.

Dock11 was identified as a protein which is highly expressed in Germinal center B lymphocytes.

The selection of B cells occurs in the germinal center of the lymph nodes.

Most normal germinal center B-cells express low levels of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2.

The number and composition of follicles can change especially when challenged by an antigen, when they develop a germinal center.

In adults, B lymphocytes are seen to predominate in the follicles' germinal centers.

To do so, the few chosen B cells cluster to form so-called germinal centers on the spleen and lymph nodes.

FDCs support the development germinal center.

When naïve B-cells encounter an antigen, one of the pathways that they can follow is through the germinal center environment.

Normal germinal center B-cells appear to be poised for apoptosis unless they are selected to progress to the next stage of differentiation.

Multiple myeloma develops in B lymphocytes after they have left the part of the lymph node known as the germinal center.

After the process of affinity maturation in germinal centers, plasma cells have an indeterminate lifespan, ranging from days to months.

Blocking the differentiation of germinal center B cells is dangerous because the cells are programmed to divide rapidly at this stage.

All these events occur in the highly "eventful" germinal centers of lymphoid follicles, within the lymph nodes.

Autoreactive B cells can accidentally emerge during somatic hypermutation and migrate into the germinal center light zone.

The process is thought to involve two interrelated processes, occurring in the germinal centers of the secondary lymphoid organs:

They are then converted to B cells that form a germinal center, multiply to become a population of several hundred cells and then undergo mutations.