Another motive for the Ayatollah's anti-Americanism was his vision of spreading his fundamentalist revolution throughout the Islamic world.
Its army includes a large number of Shiite Moslems, who might be sympathetic to Iran's fundamentalist revolution.
There is also concern that Iran and its allies will make gains in exporting their fundamentalist revolutions.
Ayatollah Montazeri heads a committee dedicated to spreading the Islamic fundamentalist revolution and driving out Western influence.
But for Iran, eager to export its Islamic fundamentalist revolution, the pilgrimage, the major religious event of the year, has also become a political mission and a forum.
Even though both were predominantly Muslim countries, the Azeris distrusted their neighbors and the fundamentalist religious revolution they were trying to impose on the nations around them.
It is religious extremists, the fear of Iran's fundamentalist revolution sweeping across borders, the rivalry between neighboring Arab states, poverty and ignorance.
The jewelers, many of them Iranian Jews who fled their country in 1979 during the fundamentalist Islamic revolution, were tense.
Solidly middle-class, they spend hours each day wistfully watching Algerian cable television and pining for a homeland that has been transformed by the Islamic fundamentalist revolution.
The graphic memoir explores issues of political upheaval and religious oppression during Iran's fundamentalist revolution.