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The fuel bundles, or assemblies, are far too radioactive to permit direct human contact.
PWR fuel bundles are about 4 meters in length.
On the initial firings immense reactor heat and vibration cracked the fuel bundles.
Several fuel bundles experienced melting and ruptured, rendering much of the core interior unusable.
Instead of buying fuel bundles from the fabricator, the usual approach is to purchase uranium in all of these intermediate forms.
Generally, the fuel bundles consist of fuel rods bundled 14x14 to 17x17.
The maximum temperature of the spent fuel bundles decreases significantly between 2 and 4 years, and less from 4 to 6 years.
The reactor's radioactive core is near the bottom of a pool of water 27 feet deep, in about two dozen fuel bundles, each weighing 58 pounds.
Each reactor requires 6240 fuel bundles that weigh 22.5 kg each, or about 140 tonnes of fuel.
The reactor control rods, inserted through the reactor vessel head directly into the fuel bundles, are moved for the following reasons:
As of December 2004 there were more than 1,700,000 used fuel bundles stored on-site at both operational and decommissioned nuclear generating stations around Ontario.
CANDU fuel bundles are about a half meter long and 10 cm in diameter.
The fuel bundle problem was largely (but not completely) solved by the end of the program, and related materials work at Argonne National Laboratory looked promising.
In modern BWR fuel bundles, there are either 91, 92, or 96 fuel rods per assembly depending on the manufacturer.
The finished fuel rods are grouped in fuel assemblies, called fuel bundles, that are then used to build the core of the reactor.
In PWR fuel bundles, control rods are inserted through the top directly into the fuel bundle.
A 220 MW PHWR fuel bundle contains 15.2 kg of natural uranium dioxide.
Each HSM - a thick, reinforced, pre-cast concrete structure about the size of a single car garage - has the capacity to hold 61 fuel bundles.
In CANDU the pressure (and the fuel bundles) is contained in much smaller (10 cm diameter), easier to fabricate tubes.
There are about 179-264 fuel rods per fuel bundle and about 121 to 193 fuel bundles are loaded into a reactor core.
Plutonium is a different element, and thus is fairly easy to chemically separate from the rest of the fuel when the fuel bundle is removed from the reactor.
If this process further weakens the fuel bundles, they will eventually bend far enough to touch the calandria tube, allowing heat to be efficiently transferred into the moderator tank.
The fuel bundles fresh from the core are normally segregated for several months for initial cooling before being sorted into other parts of the pool to wait for final disposal.
A single PWR spent fuel bundle, after 10 years cooldown, with no shielding, emits 2.3 MSv/yr, a trillion times more than coal.
Specifically, MFLCPR represents how close the leading fuel bundle is to "dry-out" (or "departure from nucleate boiling" for a PWR).