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In such cases the alternative Fructosamine test is used to indicate average control in the preceding 2 to 3 weeks.
Data were recorded at clinic visits every two weeks, at which time blood was taken for measurement of fructosamine concentrations.
In molecular biology the fructosamine kinase family is a family of enzymes.
Advantages of fructosamine are that it does not depend on the haemoglobin level and it will probably be considerably cheaper.
Fructosamine is used in these circumstances, as it also reflects an average of blood glucose levels, but over a shorter period of 2 to 3 weeks.
An increase in fructosamine in lab testing results usually means an increase in glucose in the blood.
Fructosamine is also of use in conditions, such as pregnancy, in which hormonal changes cause greater short-term fluctuation in glucose concentrations.
As a basis for adjustments to treatment results of self monitoring have now been superseded by the glycated haemoglobin concentration or results of fructosamine assays.
Fructosamine is a compound that can be considered the result of a reaction between fructose and ammonia or an amine (with a molecule of water being released).
Homozygous mutant female adults had a significant increase in circulating levels of fructosamine, while mutants of both sexes had decreased platelet cell numbers.
Other diagnostic tests to determine the level of diabetic control are fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) blood tests which can be useful especially if stress may be a factor.
Serum fructosamine concentration looks a possible alternative to HbA 1 (Baker et al, 1985): it is reliable and reflects the integrated blood glucose level over three to six weeks versus eight to 12.
Homozygous mutant adults of both sexes had a decreased body weight as determined by DEXA, displayed vertebral fusion and had clinical chemistry abnormalities including hypoalbuminemia and decreased circulating fructosamine levels.
A fructosamine is also formed when carbonyl group of glucose reacts with an amino group of a protein, as the double bond to oxygen moves from the end carbon atom to the next carbon atom and water is released.
I have just completed a randomised study of 24 patients receiving oral hypoglycaemic agents, in which I compared the glycaemic control (as indicated by monthly assay of fructosamine) of a group allocated to self monitoring of blood glucose and a similar group who tested their urine.