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This has been a problem in metabolite measurements when using enzyme electrodes.
This and similar biosensors became known as enzyme electrodes, and are still in use today.
Enzyme electrode barrier membranes.
The glucose in the blood reacts with an enzyme electrode containing glucose oxidase (or dehydrogenase).
Probably the most studied biolayer is where an enzyme layer is used over an electrochemical transducer, producing an enzyme electrode.
They continued using immobilized enzyme techniques, for the first direct whole-blood L-lactate assays using immobilized enzyme electrode also in 1982.
In 1962, Leland Clark and Champ Lyons at the Medical College of Alabama developed the first glucose enzyme electrode.
They then developed further biomedical instrumentation: the first commercially successful whole blood glucose analyzer in 1975, the first commercial alcohol measurement instrument using immobilized enzyme electrode technology in 1982.
The first glucose meter was invented by Leland Clark and Ann Lyons at the Cincinnati Children's Hospital which was first known as a glucose enzyme electrode.
Glass membrane potentiometric electrodes were one of the first to be used as part of enzyme electrodes, typically for monitoring of pH in hydrolase catalysed reactions -eg urea assays.
Enzyme electrode biosensors detect levels of glucose by keeping track of the number of electrons passed through the enzyme by connecting it to an electrode and measuring the resulting charge.