electric flux

Therefore the total electric flux through the surface S must be zero.

For a closed Gaussian surface, electric flux is given by:

Electric flux is not affected by charges that are not within the closed surface.

Two forms of electric flux are used, one for the E-field:

Electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field lines going through a virtual surface.

Induced electric flux of the Bohr first energy level:

The electric flux over a surface S is therefore given by the surface integral:

The electric field remains unchanged and the electric flux density increases by a factor Er.

More electric flux exists in a medium with a high permittivity (per unit charge) because of polarization effects.

The scalar value of displacement current may also be expressed in terms of electric flux:

In electromagnetism, electric flux is the rate of flow per unit area of the electric field.

So, induced electric flux will be:

Thus, through electron capacitance we have quantized electric flux, equal to the electron charge.

Ratios that have a non-time denominator include exchange rates, literacy rates and electric flux.

So, the SI base units of electric flux are kg-m-s-A.

A system with a nonzero charge density: In this case, periodic boundary conditions cannot be used because there is no consistent value for the electric flux.

The electric flux Φ is defined as a surface integral of the electric field:

This is a difficult boundary-value problem, but using the method of images we only need to determine the electric flux density due to the two point charges.

Induced electric flux on electron capacitance:

More technically, it relates the electric flux through any hypothetical closed "Gaussian surface" to the enclosed electric charge.

(The electric flux through an area is proportional to the area times the perpendicular part of the electric field.)

Gauss's law gives the relation between the electric flux flowing out a closed surface and the electric charge enclosed in the surface.

Gauss's Law: The total of the electric flux out of a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed divided by the permittivity.

A voltage integrator is an electronic device performing a time integration of an electric voltage, thus measuring a total electric flux.

The net outward normal electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the total electric charge enclosed within that closed surface.