dynein arms

The dynein arms, for example, are motor complexes which produce the force needed for bending.

These dynein arms produce force through ATP hydrolysis.

No dynein arms are found on the outer doublet microtubules, and there is no pair of central microtubule singlets.

PKA would theoretically then be able to activate/inactivate the adjacent dynein arms via its kinase activity.

DNAL1 is a component of outer dynein arms, which contain the molecular motors for ATP-dependent cilia movement.

Radial spokes are believed to interact with both the central pair microtubules and the dynein arms, perhaps in a way that maintains the rhythmic activation of the dynein motors.

Structures that make up the cilia including inner and/or outer dynein arms, central apparatus, radial spokes, etc. are missing or dysfunctional and thus the axoneme structure lacks the ability to move.