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The process by which such behaviour arises is often called kin selection.

The second misunderstanding concerns the ideas which must be present in an animal's mind if kin selection is to operate.

Animals may increase their inclusive fitness through kin selection.

The evolution of social behavior by kin selection.

The helping-at-the-nest behavior often occurs among unrelated individuals, and therefore cannot be explained by kin selection.

Kin selection causes changes in gene frequency across generations, driven by interactions between related individuals.

The first hypothesis is that the evolution of schreckstoff has been driven by kin selection (Smith 1992).

Kin selection allows cooperative behavior to evolve where the actor receives no direct benefits from the cooperation.

Instead, he claims, a more convincing explanation is to be found in the concepts of reciprocal altruism and kin selection.

Bertram argues that game theory and kin selection should not be seen as alternative explanations (Nature, vol 302, p 356).