disulfate
disulphate BrE

Disulfate is the IUPAC name.

Potassium pyrosulfate (potassium disulfate) is a chemical compound, KSO.

Other polonium compounds include acetate, bromate, carbonate, citrate, chromate, cyanide, formate, hydroxide, nitrate, selenate, monosulfide, sulfate and disulfate.

Disulfate is the conjugate base of the hydrogen disulfate (hydrogen pyrosulfate) ion HSO, which in turn is the conjugate base of disulfuric acid (pyrosulfuric acid).

There were, however, some differences between PABA-UDCA and its disulphate.

Therefore PABA-UDCA disulphate can be a single pass type of substance in the gut.

From the results obtained PABA-UDCA disulphate was considered a good material to detect intestinal bacteria.

Figure 2 shows the time course of enzymatic hydrolysis of PABA-UDCA disulphate at six different concentrations of substrate.

We consider that this PABA-UDCA disulphate incubation test makes it possible to express the severity of bacterial peritonitis quantitatively within 90 minutes.

Practically, the oral administration test with PABA-UDCA disulphate makes possible the evaluation of colonic bacteria because most intestinal bacteria is present in the colon.

The disulphate ester of PABA-UDCA was prepared by a modification of the method of Goto and associates.

Intraperitoneal pus or fluid was obtained for bacterial culture examination and PABA-UDCA disulphate incubation test soon after laparotomy.

Incubation of PABA-UDCA disulphate with cholyglycine hydrolase were carried out in accordance with the method described by Nair.

Figure 1 shows the chemical structures of PABA-UDCA disulphate and PABA-UDCA.

Further, in rat experiments urinary exrcretions of PABA were measured for six hours after oral administration of 15 mg PABA-UDCA disulphate.

PABA-UDCA disulphate was completely resistant to pancreatic enzymes such as pancreatin, carboxypeptidases A and B, α-chymotrypsin, and trypsin.

After oral administration of 15.0 mg PABA-UDCA disulphate to each rat, the amounts of PABA excreted in a six-hour urine sample were determiend.

Likewise the disulphate ester of PABA-UDCA was not actively absorbed from any part of the small intestine, and was recovered from bile in only small amounts in our experiment.

Whether PABA-UDCA disulphate or PABA-UDCA wasactively absorbed from the small intestine was studied with an everted rat gut sac.

This compound, PABA-UDCA disulphate, features in common with PABA-UDCA: Firstly, it was efficient hydrolysed by cholyglycine hydrolase.

PABA-UDCA disulphate had a lower Km value (0.23 mM) compared with PABA-UDCA (3.71 mM).

This indicated that PABA-UDCA disulphate is a single pass type substance in the gut and its oral administration test reflects the sum of the activities of bacteria in the small intestine and colon.

Of the aerobic bacteria, only Enterococcus faecalis,Lactobacillus aciodophilus,Proteu mirabilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis deconjugated PABA-UDCA disulphate.

The sacs were filled with a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate solution (pH 7.4) containing 0.1 mM PABA-UDCA disulphate or PABA-UDCA.

Therefore the abilities of the whole intraperitoneal fluids to deconjugate PABA-UDCA disulphate were calculated as 0 mg, 0.02 mg, 3.57 mg, 0.04 mg, 10.44 mg, and 16.30 mg in the respective patients.

Secondly, all the microorganisms that deconjugate PABA-UDCA or glycocholic acid split PABA-UDCA disulphate resulting in the release of free PABA.

Figure 4 shows the results of the active transport experiment, indicating that PABA-UDCA was actively absorbed from the distal side of the ileum whereas its disulphate was not absorbed from any part of the small intestine.

PABA-UDCA disulphate was easily soluble in assay solution with pH 5.6 sodium acetate buffer, whereas the maximal solubility of PABA-UDCA in that solution was 1.2 g/ml.

To examine the magnitude of contamination of the peritoneal cavity by intestinal bacteria, an incubation of PABA-UDCA disulphate with intraperitoneal pus or fluid was carried out in six patients with localised or diffuse peritonitis (table 1).