deuterostomia

Among the Deuterostomia, there are a number of swimmers as well.

In the old view of metazoan phylogeny, the lophophorates were placed within the Deuterostomia.

Based on current evidence it is not clear whether RAG1 invaded in a very early ancestor of all deuterostomia (approx.

Most other bilaterian phyla are in the Deuterostomia, which include Echinodermata and Chordata.

Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.

The superphylum, Ambulacraria, is largely identical to the superphylum Deuterostomia, except the phyla Chordata and Vetulicolia are excluded.

In his 2001 book Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla, he maintains the traditional divisions of Protostomia and Deuterostomia.

Although much is known at the cellular and molecular level about the other bilateralian clades (ecdysozoa and deuterostomia), research into the processes that govern spiralian development is comparatively lacking.

Superphylum Deuterostomia was redefined in 1995 based on molecular sequence analyses when the lophophorates were removed from it and combined with other protostome animals to form superphylum Lophotrochozoa.

In some classification systems the additional rank branch (Latin: ramus) can be inserted between subkingdom and infrakingdom (e.g. Protostomia and Deuterostomia in the classification of Cavalier-Smith).

Briggs et al. (2005) described Skeemella from the Middle Cambrian of Utah as having affinity to Vetulicolia, but also as having arthropod features, thus confounding assignment of Vetulicolia to Deuterostomia.

The current widely accepted hypothesis, based on molecular data (mostly 18S rRNA sequences), divides bilateria into the following four superphylums : Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, and Platyzoa (sometimes included in Lophotrochozoa).

For example, a few of the lower animals (sponges, flatworms, etc. ) are listed when the "Animals" button is pressed, in addition to the Protostomia, Deuterostomia, and organisms nested within these groups (Arthropoda, chordates, vertebrates, Mammals, etc.; H-4A.3).

Click here for file It is likely that the TMC family has diversified into three subfamilies before the Protostomia and the Deuterostomia diverged because the genome of the mosquito Anopheles gambiae contains one putative member of each TMC subfamily.

Inclusion of the roundworms within the Ecdysozoa was initially contested but since 2003, a broad consensus has formed supporting the Ecdysozoa and in 2011 the Darwin-Wallace Medal was awarded for the discovery of the New Animal Phylogeny consisting of the Ecdysozoa, the Lophotrochozoa, and the Deuterostomia.