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They also have a relatively high concentration of dense-core vesicles, which are thought to deliver structural proteins to the presynaptic site.
Dense-core vesicle storage is characteristic of opioid peptides storage.
BDNF is made in the endoplasmic reticulum and secreted from dense-core vesicles.
Each of these peptides is packaged in large dense-core vesicles that are released from the cells by exocytosis in response to appropriate stimulation:
Peptides are generally packaged in large dense-core vesicles, and the co-existing neurotransmitters in small synaptic vesicles.
VMAT1 is expressed mainly in large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) of the peripheral nervous system.
Dynorphins are stored in large (80-120 nm diameter) dense-core vesicles that are considerably larger than vesicles storing neurotransmitters.
Synaptosomes are osmotically sensitive, contain numerous small clear synaptic vesicles, sometimes larger dense-core vesicles and frequently one or more small mitochondria.
VMAT1 is found in both large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) as well as in small synaptic vesicles (SSVs).
It binds carboxypeptidase E (CPE), and the disruption of this binding has been proposed to cause the loss of sorting of BDNF into dense-core vesicles.
These large dense-core vesicles differ from small synaptic vesicles in that a more intense and prolonged stimulus is needed to cause the large vesicles to release their contents into the synaptic cleft.
This gene encodes a member of the calcium-dependent activator of secretion (CAPS) protein family, which are calcium binding proteins that regulate the exocytosis of synaptic and dense-core vesicles in neurons and neuroendocrine cells.
The large dense-core vesicles are often found in all parts of a neuron, including the soma, dendrites, axonal swellings (vericosities) and nerve endings, whereas the small synaptic vesicles are mainly found in clusters at presynaptic locations.