cytotrophoblast

It lacks proliferative capacity and instead is maintained by fusion of underlying cytotrophoblast cells.

The cytotrophoblast structures of the anchoring villi that spread out are called cytotrophoblastic columns.

The layer at the embryonic pole grows around the amniotic cavity, creating a barrier from the cytotrophoblast.

The formation of syncytiotrophoblast from cytotrophoblast is a terminal differentiation step of trophoblastic cells.

Intermediate trophoblast is a distinct subtype of trophoblastic tissue that arises from the cytotrophoblast.

The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast.

It forms as a result of differentiation and fusion of the underlying cytotrophoblast cells, a process that continues throughout placental development.

The villus stroma or mesenchymal core is more likely than the cytotrophoblast to be reflective of the fetal genotype.

Such occasionally observed differentiation of cytotrophoblast cells was associated with weak cytoplasmic staining of the syncytium.

Interestingly, villous cytotrophoblast cells merging with syncytium showed nuclear-specific F12, but not E12 immunoreactivity.

Main article: implantation (human embryo) Proper cytotrophoblast function is essential in the implantation of a blastocyst.

In normal placentae, the ERα was strongly expressed in cytotrophoblast nuclei (c, Fig.

The fusion lineage yields syncytiotrophoblast and the invasive lineage yields interstitial cytotrophoblast cells.

This outer layer is divided into two further layers: the underlying cytotrophoblast layer and the overlying syncytiotrophoblast layer.

A cytotrophoblast cap penetrates through the fetus' syncytiotrophoblasts and reaches the maternal decidua, forming the anchoring villus.

Once formation is complete, the cytotrophoblast layer from the anchoring villi disappear, leaving behind a mesoderm core surrounded by syncytial cells.

In addition to cytotrophoblast cells, ERα immunoreactivity was also detected in villous vessels and sinusoids (v).

These observations suggest that dividing cytotrophoblast cells do not necessarily contribute to syncytium differentiation and may not express ERα.

An interstitial cytotrophoblast may then further differentiate into an endovascular cytotrophoblast or form a syncytium.

Projections of cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast pull the embryo into the endometrium until it is fully covered by endometrial epithelium, save for the coagulation plug.

Some hypoblast cells migrate along the inner cytotrophoblast lining of the blastocoel, secreting an extracellular matrix along the way.

Also the trophoblast will develop two sub-layers; the cytotrophoblast that is front of the syncytiotrophoblast that is inside of the endometrium.

The immunoreactivity of F12 antibody was similar, but the nuclei of cytotrophoblast cells associated with ST were also stained (white arrows, Fig.

Next, another layer called the exocoelomic membrane or Heuser's membrane will appear and surround the cytotrophoblast, as well as the primitive yolk sac.

ERα immunoreactivity was confined to villous and cultured cytotrophoblast (CT) cells but not syncytiotrophoblast (ST).