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Once inside the beetle, the eggs mature into a cysticercoid.
It also occurs by accidental ingestion of insect containing the cysticercoid.
Oncospheres develops into a cysticercoid which has a tail and a well formed scolex.
A cysticercoid is the larval stage of certain tapeworms, similar in appearance to a cysticercus, but having the scolex filling completely the enclosing cyst.
The worms mature into a life form referred to as a "cysticercoid" in the insect; in H. nana, the insect is always a beetle.
When the insect with infective larvae is ingested by birds, the cysticercoid is released in host by the action of digestive juices.
Adults were found from chicken after 15 days of infection with mature cysticercoid, and the gravid segments can be obtained in the faeces from 27 to 112 days.
A cysticercoid is an inflated sphere with distinct rostellar hooks, and each species has characteristic number and size of the hooks, which correspond to those of adult worms.
The development of an egg embryo to a mature cysticercoid in its intermediate host requires 28 days after infection, but fully mature cysticercoid takes about 31-34 days.
Although the cestode life cycle requires the cysticercoid, or larval, phase to be developed in an intermediate host, H. nana does not follow this observation and can use an intermediate host or auto infect the human host.
