cryoturbation

Cryoturbation moves carbon from the surface to depths within the soil profile.

Frost heaving is the most common form of cryoturbation.

When cryoturbation and the deposition of sediments act together, carbon storage rates increase.

The disturbance, a form of cryoturbation often extends to a depth roughly equal to the hummock's height.

The second process responsible for storing carbon is cryoturbation, the mixing of soil due to freeze-thaw cycles.

Static Cryosols lack marked evidence of cryoturbation; they are associated with sandy or gravelly materials.

Orthels: soils that show little or no cryoturbation (less than one-third of the depth of the active layer).

Freeze-thaw processes disturb the soil profiles (cryoturbation) and loosen the soil fabric.

They are the main prey for Ethiopian wolf, and natural grazers of the Afro-alpine areas where important cryoturbation processes happen.

These soils not only contain large amounts of carbon, but also sequester carbon through cryoturbation and cryogenic processes.

Turbic Cryosols have a patterned surface (hummocks, stone nets, etc.) and mixed horizons or other evidence of cryoturbation.

The harsh climatological conditions, with the surface of the ground undergoing processes of alternate freezing and thawing (cryoturbation), makes difficult the development of elevated brush.

At Bourne sections have shown highly weathered gravels overlain by sandy silts and clay loams, the highest levels in the sequence showing evidence of cryoturbation.

Solifluction terraces are present on some of the higher plateaux (Peacock 1984); solifluction hummocks and terraces arise from alternate freezing and thawing (cryoturbation).

In gelisols (permafrost soils), cryoturbation (frost churning) refers to the mixing of materials from various horizons of the soil down to the bedrock due to freezing and thawing.

The word "gelisol" comes from the Latin gelare meaning "to freeze", a reference to the process of cryoturbation that occurs from the alternating thawing and freezing characteristic of gelisols.

Turbels: soils that show marked influence of cryoturbation (more than one-third of the depth of the active layer) such as irregular, broken, or distorted horizon boundaries and involutions and areas with patterned ground.

The cause of cryoturbation lies in the way in which the repeated freezing of the soil during autumn causes the formation of ice wedges at the most easily erodible parts of the parent rock.

Soils which are in most ways similar to Mollisols but contain either continuous or discontinuous permafrost and are consequently affected by cryoturbation are common in the high mountain plateaux of Tibet and the Andean altiplano.

Frost boils (also known as mud boils, frost scars and mud circles ) are upwellings of mud that occur through frost heave and cryoturbation in permafrost areas, such as arctic and alpine regions.

The extent of cryoturbation in Gelisols varies considerably: it occurs much more on exposed sites (where turbels dominate everywhere) than in sheltered sites such as valleys (where orthels not significantly affected by cryoturbation form).