cross holdings

With little foreign investment and ownership, the biggest South African businesses became nests of complex cross holdings.

The Cross holdings became known as Cross Farm, a name which they hold today.

Shares of Allianz, the insurance conglomerate that is perhaps at the center of German cross holdings, jumped 7 percent, to 395.65 euros.

Now that the economy - and living standards - are in free fall, there are widespread calls to investigate the Suharto family's extensive web of partnerships and cross holdings.

Under the old structure of "Germany Inc.," those cross holdings created a web of mutual support that helped finance a spectacular economic recovery after World War II.

It is pertinent to note that these three different units are technically and legally separate entities and have no cross holdings and have no common directors and employees except for the shared family history.

The free float excludes restricted shareholding like cross holdings, significant long term holdings by founders, their families and/or directors, restricted employee share schemes, government holdings and portfolio investments subject to a lock in clause, for the duration of that clause.