constitutional psychology

A specialized form was Somatotype and constitutional psychology, popular in the 1950's but now debunked as unscientific.

Your article took me back to 1940 and Bill Sheldon's seminar on "constitutional psychology" at Harvard, when he was about at the zenith of his academic career.

Constitutional psychology is a theory, developed in the 1940s by American psychologist William Herbert Sheldon, associating body types with human temperament types.

He created the field of somatotype and constitutional psychology that tried to correlate body types with behavior, intelligence and social hierarchy through his Ivy League nude posture photos.

William H. Sheldon, The varieties of human physique: An introduction to constitutional psychology (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1940).