consociational

In a consociational state, all groups, including minorities, are represented on the political and economic stage.

The concept of a Consociational state was regarded as the ideal to work for.

This model of Consociational democracy is both, normative and an empirical.

The term consociational state is used in political science to describe countries with such consensus based political systems.

It is far more feasible to say that the consociational arrangements of the agreement have caused the shift.

The Netherlands is described as a consociational state.

During the 1980s the South African government attempted to reform apartheid into a consociational democracy.

Some academics have also argued that the European Union resembles a consociational democracy.

Additionally, a number of peace agreements are consociational, including:

For the successful democratic regimes in the third world, due to plural societies, Consociational democracy is based, also on normative model.

They formed coalitions not to forge consociational negotiation between segments but to improve their parties' respective power.

Consociational states are often contrasted with states with majoritarian electoral systems.

Finally, it is claimed that consociational institutions promote sectarianism and entrench existing identities.

Post-Taliban Afghanistan's political system has also been described as consociational, although it lacks ethnic quotas.

Consociational democracy can be characterized by the cooperative attitude and behavior of the leaders of the different segments of the population.

This might be seen in affirmative action quotas, or in guaranteed minority representation in a consociational state.

Lijphart identifies four key characteristics of consociational democracies:

Consociational polities often have these characteristics:

Indeed, Lijphart draws heavily on the experience of the Netherlands in developing his argument in favour of the consociational approach to ethnic conflict regulation.

Dave Sinardet's research concentrates on comparative federalism, nationalism, language politics, consociational democracy, multi-level politics, public sphere and political communication.

This change was known as the Great Pacification, which also included the introduction of state financing of religious schools, and led to the start of consociational democracy.

Brian Barry has questioned the nature of the divisions that exist in the countries that Lijphart considers to be 'classic cases' of consociational democracies.

As Arend Lijhpart argues that there is constitutionalization for the segments of plural societies, and its better solution is consociational or semi-consociational democratic system.

The political systems of a number of countries operate on a consociational basis, including, Belgium, Lebanon, the Netherlands (from 1917 until 1967), Switzerland, New Zealand.

So Single party system is also included in the consociational or semi-consociational democracies, whenever there is not domination of that political party by a particular segment of society.