compression wood

"Conifers form 'compression wood' on the lower side of the lean," he said.

These observations are discussed in relation to the information available on the structure and chemical composition of compression wood.

Wind is often cited as one of the main causes of compression wood formation.

Compression wood has only about 30% cellulose compared to 42% in normal softwood.

Effects of compression wood and compass directions were non-significant.

The presence of compression wood resulted in marked tracheid length reductions.

Compression wood has a higher proportion of lignin than normal wood.

However, these tracheids developed an S3 wall layer, which is absent in well-developed compression wood.

Pulp strength was diminished by the shorter coarser fibres in compression wood.

Their origin is often dense parts of branches, such as compression wood or timber knots - hence the name.

Leaders originally scored as highly sinuous developed more compression wood than control trees but only near the pith.

In gymnosperms it is called compression wood.

Damaged trees of both species were found to have significantly more compression wood within the test samples in comparison with undamaged trees.

Clones differed significantly but interacted with height levels, ring numbers, compass direction, and compression wood.

Compression wood has lower cellulose, more lignin, reduced tracheid length, and is undesirable.

It is also known as tension wood in deciduous trees and compression wood in conifers.

Flooding also induced formation of short, thick-walled, rounded tracheids resembling those in compression wood.

Key words: compression wood, eastern white cedar, flooding, ice scars, mortality, partial cambium dieback.

There was no significant difference in amount of compression wood nor total solvent and water extractives between undamaged and damaged trees.

Pilot-scale kraft pulping indicated the presence of compression wood, particularly in heavily thinned samples.

Compression wood forms on the side of the plant that is under compression, thereby lengthening/straightening the bend.

Because of the very high density of immature stands, wind turbulence is not expected to be a major factor stimulating compression wood in saplings.

It is particularly abundant in compression wood but scarce in tension wood, which are types of reaction wood.

Greater longitudinal shrinkage can occur if the wood is badly cross-grained or contains juvenile or compression wood.

Compression wood, i.e. wood subjected to unusual compression stresses during its growth, usually results when trees grow on a slant.