Food sources for the golomyanka are fairly varied, including their own young and pelagic crayfish.

Baikal seals eat more than half of the annual produced biomass of golomyanka, some 64,000 tons.

They are extensively preyed upon by nerpa, for which the golomyanka are the primary food source.

The Baikal seal's main food source is the golomyanka, found only in Lake Baikal.

Of particular note are the two species of golomyanka or Baikal oil fish (Comephorus baicalensis and C. dybowskii).

The omul's main competitor is the golomyanka and by eating tons of these fish a year, Baikal seals cut down on the omul's competition for resources.

The biomass of the golomyanka population is estimated at 100 to 150 thousand tons, making it one of the most populous forms of vertebrate life in Lake Baikal.

Comephorus baikalensis (Big Baikal oilfish)

Comephorus dybowskii (Little Baikal oilfish)

"naked") or Baikal oilfish are two species of peculiar, sculpin-like fishes endemic to Lake Baikal in Russia.