cognitive reserve

People with a higher level of education have greater cognitive reserve.

Studies controlling for practice effects indicate that education is not a direct cause of cognitive reserve.

The term cognitive reserve describes the mind's resistance to damage of the brain.

Epidemiological studies suggest that individual differences in cognitive reserve may actually be lifelong.

This suggests that differences in lifestyle may increase cognitive reserve by making the individual more resilient.

At other times, cognitive reserve is defined as the ability to compensate for acquired brain pathology.

Perhaps the man had been able to strengthen other parts of his brain - to build a cognitive reserve - to get around his disease.

The theory of cognitive reserve explains this phenomenon.

"It may help to further develop one's cognitive reserve so if disease does strike they have more reserve to draw on."

Taken together, the evidence is very suggestive that having greater cognitive reserve is related to a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease.

But the evidence that mental exercise per se can increase cognitive reserve and stave off dementia is weaker.

Cognitive reserve can be estimated clinically as it is effectively general cognitive ability and knowledge.

The term cognitive reserve is sometimes taken to refer directly to brain size or to synaptic density in the cortex.

Childhood cognition, educational attainment, and adult occupation all contribute to cognitive reserve independently.

Using a computer analogy brain reserve can be seen as hardware and cognitive reserve as software.

Cognitive reserve also indicates a resilience to neuropathological damage, but the emphasis here is in the way the brain uses its damaged resources.

There are two models that can be used when exploring the concept of "reserve": brain reserve and cognitive reserve.

Cognitive reserve is commonly used to refer to both brain and cognitive reserves in the literature.

The ability of an individual to demonstrate no cognitive signs of aging despite an aging brain is called cognitive reserve.

This reserve of cognitive stimulation is commonly referred to as either brain reserve or cognitive reserve.

The variables that are associated with cognitive reserve include: IQ, brain size, education, professional attainment, leisure activities, and familial history (of diagnosed dementia).

It can also be evaluated by behavioral performance as seen in cognitive reserve, improved memory, attention, concentration, executive functions, decision-making, mental flexibility, and other core capabilities.

The level of cognitive reserve predicts improvement in neuropsychological function including verbal memory, semantic fluency, basic auditory attention, and visuospatial construction.

Studies of cognitive reserve explore the specific biological, genetic and environmental differences which make one person susceptible to cognitive decline, and allow another to age more gracefully.

In spite of the differences in approach between the models of brain reserve and cognitive reserve, there is evidence that both might be interdependent and related.