chloroma
chloromyeloma , auch: chloroleukaemia BrE , auch: chloroleukemia AmE , auch: chlorosarcoma

It can also be diagnosed by biopsy of a chloroma.

This condition is usually considered separately from chloroma, as it requires different treatment modalities.

Tumor biopsy: A biopsy of a chloroma may be done.

Sometimes leukemia cells form a solid tumor called a granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma.

Definitive diagnosis of a chloroma usually requires a biopsy of the lesion in question.

Development of a chloroma (solid focus of leukemia outside the bone marrow)

However, even in patients with the above risk factors, chloroma remains an uncommon complication of acute myeloid leukemia.

In one published series on chloroma, the authors stated that 47% of the patients were initially misdiagnosed, most often as having a malignant lymphoma.

The detection of a chloroma is considered de facto evidence these premalignant conditions have transformed into an acute leukemia requiring appropriate treatment.

For example, presence of a chloroma is sufficient to indicate chronic myelogenous leukemia has entered its 'blast crisis' phase.

GS (chloroma), describes extramedullary collections of leukemia cells.

The link between chloroma and acute leukemia was first recognized in 1902 by Dock and Warthin.

Rarely, a chloroma can develop as the sole manifestation of relapse after apparently successful treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.

Therefore, primary chloroma could be considered an initial manifestation of acute leukemia, rather than a localized process, and could be treated as such.

Currently, any extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia can be termed a granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma.

Treatment of newly diagnosed childhood acute leukemia with a granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) may include chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy.

Rarely, the first sign of leukemia may be the development of a solid leukemic mass or tumor outside of the bone marrow, called a chloroma.

If the chloroma is persistent after completion of induction chemotherapy, local treatment, such as surgery or radiation therapy, may be considered, although neither has an effect on survival.

In rare cases, patients can develop a chloroma, or solid tumor of leukemic cells outside the bone marrow, which can cause various symptoms depending on its location.

In almost all reported cases of primary chloroma, acute leukemia has developed shortly afterward (median time to development of acute leukemia 7 months, range 1-25 months).

Patients treated for acute leukemia who relapse with an isolated chloroma are typically treated with systemic therapy for relapsed leukemia.

The condition now known as chloroma was first described by the British physician A. Burns in 1811, although the term chloroma did not appear until 1853.

Patients with "preleukemic" conditions, such as myelodysplastic syndromes or myeloproliferative syndromes, who develop a chloroma are often treated as if they have transformed to acute leukemia.

Imrie KR, Kovacs MJ, Selby D, et al.: Isolated chloroma: the effect of early antileukemic therapy.

A chloroma is an extramedullary manifestation of acute myeloid leukemia; in other words, it is a solid collection of leukemic cells occurring outside of the bone marrow.