cervical pregnancy

Transvaginal ultrasound examination is usually able to detect a cervical pregnancy.

Placental removal in a cervical pregnancy may result in major hemorrhage.

Cervical pregnancy can be confused with a miscarriage when pregnancy tissue is passing through the cervix.

His studies on ectopic pregnancy laid down the principles to identify a cervical pregnancy that became known as Rubin's criteria.

A Cervical pregnancy is an ectopic pregnancy that has implanted in the uterine endocervix.

Pregnancies involving the isthmus - the segment of the uterus between the cervix and the fundus - are more common than true cervical pregnancies.

Cervical pregnancies are to be distinguished from pregnancies that start from an implantation in a scar of a previous cesarean section, so-called scar pregnancies.

A cervical pregnancy can develop together with a normal intrauterine pregnancy; such a heterotopic pregnancy will call for expert management as to not to endanger the intrauterine pregnancy.

True cervical pregnancies tend to abort, if, however, the pregnancy is located higher in the canal and the placenta finds support in the uterine cavity it can go past the first trimester.

While in many situations the cause of the abnormal implantation remains unclear, there is evidence to link the development of cervical pregnancy to uterine instrumentation, specifically repeated D&Cs (dilatation and curettage).

Intrauterine adhesions (IUA) present in Asherman's syndrome can cause ectopic cervical pregnancy or, if adhesions partially block access to the tubes via the ostia, ectopic tubal pregnancy.

On a very rare occasion, a cervical pregnancy results in the birth of a live baby, typically the pregnancy is in the upper part of the cervical canal and manages to extend into the lower part of the uterine cavity.

While early cervical pregnancies may abort spontaneously or can be managed with excision, D&C, suturing, electrocautery, and tamponading, by medication such as methotrexate, and/or by uterine artery embolization, a more advanced pregnancy may require a hysterectomy to control bleeding.