cerebellar vermis

There is partial or complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis.

The cerebellar vermis may present with mild atrophy and a loss of white matter volume.

The cerebellar vermis is hypoplastic and has a variably sized cyst space.

The latter two can be further divided in a midline cerebellar vermis and lateral cerebellar hemispheres.

Along with these advances in technology came perplexing problems pertaining to diagnoses of critical malformations of the cerebellar vermis.

The cerebellar vermis evolved in conjunction with the hemispheres; this is seen in lampreys and higher vertebrates.

The disorder is characterized by absence or underdevelopment of the cerebellar vermis and a malformed brain stem (molar tooth sign).

Imaging studies of the brain showed small brainstem, small cerebellar vermis, and atrophy of the cerebellum and cerebrum.

In vertebrates, the cerebellar vermis develops between two bilaterally symmetrical formations located dorsal to the upper end of the medulla oblongata, or rhombencephalon.

At Cambridge University, Professor Roger Keynes, a neuroscientist, explains their brain abnormality - amongst other problems they have a defect of the cerebellar vermis.

The cerebellar vermis (Latin for worm) is located in the medial, cortico-nuclear zone of the cerebellum, residing in the posterior fossa of the cranium.

A key feature of this syndrome is the partial or even complete absence of the part of the brain located between the two cerebellar hemispheres (cerebellar vermis).

Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare anomaly characterized by the absence or severe dysgenesis of the cerebellar vermis with fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, peduncles, and dentate nuclei.

The destruction of neuronal cells produces lesions within the spinal ganglia; these may also occur in the reticular formation, vestibular nuclei, cerebellar vermis, and deep cerebellar nuclei.

This is the region of termination for the fibers of the vestibular nerve and lateral line nerves; thus, these are the oldest afferent paths to the cerebellum and cerebellar vermis.

Diagnosis of MSS is based on clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (cerebellar atrophy particularly involving the cerebellar vermis), and muscle biopsy.

It is surrounded by the obex and gracile tubercles of the medulla, tela choroidea of the fourth ventricle and its choroid plexus, which is attached to the cerebellar vermis.

Characteristics of the neuropathology are varied, but generally consist of bilaterally symmetrical midline lesions of brainstem areas, including the mammillary bodies, thalamus, periaqueductal region, hypothalamus, and the cerebellar vermis.

Malformations of the cerebellar vermis were first identified using pneumoencephalography, where air is injected into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces of the cerebellum; displaced, occluded or dysplastic structures could be identified.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed syndromes associated with the molar tooth sign (MTS), or hypoplasia/displasia of the cerebellar vermis accompanied by brainstem abnormalities.

This condition is characterized by a specific finding on an MRI called a "molar tooth sign" in which the cerebellar vermis of the brain is absent or underdeveloped and the brain stem is abnormal.

These patients show evidence of severe olivopontocerebellar hypoplasia and degeneration, dysplastic, c-shaped inferior olivary nuclei, absent or immature dentate nuclei and cell paucity more marked for the cerebellar vermis than the hemispheres.

Dandy Walker malformation is characterized by enlarged posterior fossa and in which the cerebellar vermis is completely absent, or present in a rudimentary form, sometimes rotated accompanied by and elevation of the fourth ventricle.

According to the American Journal of Psychiatry, sadness was found to be associated with "increases in bilateral activity within the vicinity of the middle and posterior temporal cortex, lateral cerebellum, cerebellar vermis, midbrain, putamen, and caudate."

DWM is characterized by underdevelopment (small size and abnormal position) of the middle part of the cerebellum known as the cerebellar vermis, cystic enlargement of the 4th ventricle and enlargement of the base of the skull (posterior fossa).