cardinal veins

In an anastomosis by anterior cardinal veins, the left brachiocephalic vein is produced.

The first chamber is the sinus venosus, which collects de-oxygenated blood, from the body, through the hepatic and cardinal veins.

Later in the development stages, the posterior cardinal veins are replaced by the subcardinal and supracardinal veins.

The deoxygenated blood from the body then flows through the posterior cardinal veins and enters the posterior cardinal sinuses.

The ascending veins return the blood from the parietes of the trunk and from the Wolffian bodies, and are called cardinal veins.

The human venous system develops mainly from the vitelline veins, the umbilical veins and the cardinal veins, all of which empty into the sinus venosus.

Most of the posterior cardinal veins regress, what remains of them forms the renal segment of the inferior vena cava and the common iliac veins.

The anterior cardinal veins (precardinal veins) contribute to the formation of the internal jugular veins and together with the common cardinal vein form the superior vena cava.

Shortly after gastrulation, cells from the dorsolateral plate, analogous to the splanchnopleura mesoderm in mammals, migrate to the midline, beneath the notochord to form the dorsal aorta, and laterally the cardinal veins and nephric ducts.

During development of the veins, the first indication of a parietal system consists in the appearance of two short transverse veins, the ducts of Cuvier (or common cardinal veins), which open, one on either side, into the sinus venosus.

The postcardinal veins or posterior cardinal veins join with the corresponding right and left cardinal veins to form the left common cardinal veins, which empty in the sinus venosus.