bronchiolar

This collection develops as a result of alveolar and terminal bronchiolar rupture.

One of the main functions of Clara cells is to protect the bronchiolar epithelium.

Hypersecretion of bronchiolar mucus also occurs during this stage.

They are also known as "club cells" (see Name) and "bronchiolar exocrine cells".

One major function they carry out is the synthesis and secretion of the material lining the bronchiolar lumen.

Bronchiolar disease usually causes wheezing that occurs in the expiratory phase of respiration.

Bronchiolar cells gradually increase in number as the number of goblet cells decrease.

Exposure to high concentrations can cause bronchiolar and alveolar edema and airway destruction resulting in respiratory distress or failure.

Clara cells also act as a stem cell and multiply and differentiate into ciliated cells to regenerate the bronchiolar epithelium.

Macrolides also reduce the efficiency of adhesion molecules that allow neutrophils to stick to bronchiolar tissue linings.

Lung X-rays can also reveal dilation of the bronchiolar passages, another sign of DBP.

HRCT scans often show blockages of some bronchiolar passages with mucus, which is referred to as the "tree-in-bud" pattern.

The parasympathetic nervous system via acetylcholine, which acts on the M-3 muscarinic receptors, maintains the resting tone of the bronchiolar smooth muscle.

OB is a bronchiolar disease with worldwide prevalence, while DPB has more localized prevalence, predominantly in Japan.

Typical signs of DPB progression include dilation (enlargement) of the bronchiolar passages and hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood).

Airflow resistance characteristic of chronic bronchitis is primarily due to goblet cell metaplasia creating mucus plugs in the bronchioles with concurrent bronchiolar fibrosis and inflammation.

A subset of cells differentiates into Langerhans cells; this maturation occurs in the squamous epithelium, lymph nodes, spleen, and bronchiolar epithelium.

Recent genetic analysis has shown that the proliferative bronchiolar smooth muscle in tuberous sclerosis-related LAM is monoclonal metastasis from a coexisting renal angiomyolipoma.

If left untreated, DPB progresses to bronchiectasis, an irreversible lung condition that involves enlargement of the bronchioles, and pooling of mucus in the bronchiolar passages.

In DPB, bacteria such as Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause the proliferation of inflammatory cells into the bronchiolar tissues.

The resulting proliferation of lympho-reticular cells around each dead larva causes bronchiolar obstruction and ultimately the formation of a macroscopically visible greyish-green, lymphoid nodule about 5.0 mm in diameter (Fig. 25).

Neutrophils, beta-defensins, leukotrienes, and chemokines can also be detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid injected then removed from the bronchiolar airways of individuals with DPB, for evaluation.

Specific overlapping features of both diseases include strong cough with large amounts of often pus-filled sputum; nodules viewable on lung X-rays in the lower bronchi and bronchiolar area; and chronic sinusitis.

H441 cells resemble bronchiolar epithelial Clara cells in phenotype and produce both SP-A and SP-B mRNA and protein [ 14 ] .

Histopathologic studies have shown that the tree-in-bud pattern is caused by demarcation of the normally invisible branching course of the peripheral airways, which is usually results from bronchiolar impaction with mucus, pus, or fluid.