binitarianism

By the latter half of the 19th century, binitarianism was held by a relatively small group of church denominations.

Non-trinitarian views have constructed various theological understandings, ranging from Binitarianism to Modalism.

Christology is related to questions concerning the nature of God like the Trinity, Unitarianism or Binitarianism.

While binitarianism is sometimes used self-descriptively, it is also used to denote Christian error or heresy as are the following related terms:

Mainstream Christians characterise this teaching as the heresy of Binitarianism, the teaching that God is a "Duality", or "two-in-one", rather than three.

Before Hurtado's influential work, one classic scholarly theory of binitarianism was that the Holy Spirit was seen as in some sense identical to the Son, or uniquely embodied in him.

The Godhead now temporarily consists of two co-eternal individuals (see Binitarianism), Jesus the Messiah, as the creator and spokesman (The Word or Logos), and God the Father.

Other groups include Sabbatarian traditions, such as the Living Church of God and the Philadelphia Church of God, Armstrongism, the Unitarian Christian Association, Binitarianism, etc.

Classically, binitarianism is understood as strict monotheism - that is, that God is an absolutely single being; and yet with binitarianism there is a "twoness" in God.

Andrews University, an Adventist institution for higher learning, suggests that the Seventh-day Adventists were inclined towards binitarianism before this, which Gerhard Pfandl describes by the term "Semi-Arian" (Pfandl, Gerhard.

Unlike most unitarians and trinitarians who tend to identify themselves by those terms, binitarians normally do not refer to their belief in the duality of the Godhead, with the Son subordinate to the Father; they simply teach the Godhead in a manner that has been termed as binitarianism.