"How come the monetary base has been expanding at an annual rate of over 22 percent for the last three months?"
MB: is referred to as the monetary base or total currency.
The monetary base is only one component of money supply, however.
Assume that the authorities seek to control M0, the broad monetary base.
Thus although the monetary base is controlled, spending still expands.
This makes it virtually impossible to have a precise control of the monetary base.
These purchases increased the monetary base in a way similar to a purchase of government securities.
Such an act would have the same effect as increasing the amount of dollars in the monetary base.
Central banks use open market operations to change the monetary base.
The rule gives a target for the monetary base in the next quarter (about 13 weeks).