Lack of activin during development results in neural developmental defects.

One of these molecules, activin, is involved in the hormonal control of reproduction.

Activin plays a significant role in reproduction.

Activin is a dimer composed of two identical or very similar beta subunits.

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects.

It is also known as activin receptor-like kinase 1, or ALK1.

A fifth subunit, activin β, has been described in Xenopus laevis.

Follistatin, which is also produced in all body tissue, inhibits activin and gives the rest of the body more control over the axis.

In the male, activin enhances spermatogenesis.

Activin also regulates the morphogenesis of branching organs such as the prostate, lung, and especially kidney.

Inhibin is produced by the spermatogenic cells, which, also through inactivating activin, inhibits the hypothalamus.

Below is a list of the most common inhibin and activin complexes and their subunit composition:

Activin is produced in the gonads, pituitary gland, placenta, and other organs:

Follistatin inhibits Activin, which it binds.

Several ligands that signal through the Activin type II receptors regulate muscle growth.

Activin promotes neural plasticity throughout the lifespan and regulates the neurotransmitters of peripheral neurons.

However, in contrast to activin, the second component of the inhibin dimer is a more distantly-related alpha subunit.

Activin β and β are identical to the two beta subunits of inhibin.

In the blood, activin and follistatin are both known to be involved in the inflammatory response following tissue injury or pathogenic incursion.

ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor.

In the cell surface Dapper2 tightly binds to the active form of the activin type 1 receptors and targets the receptor for lysosomal degradation.

Somehow the reduction of activin receptors would lead to the decrease in activity of different TGFb pathways.

An Activin receptor is a receptor which binds activin.

NKX2.1 can be induced by activin A via SMAD2 signaling in a human embryonic stem cell differentiation model.

Genes such as activin ß-A, which encodes a subunit of activin A, are up-regulated during early stage LTP.

There are three activins: Activin A, Activin B and Activin AB.

Nodal binds to activin A receptor, type IIB ACVR2B.

This gene encodes activin A type I receptor which signals a particular transcriptional response in concert with activin type II receptors.

Activin A increased the expression level of type-I collagen suggesting that activin A acts as a potent activator of fibroblasts.

Two activin β subunits give rise to activin A, one β, and one β subunit gives rise to activin AB, and so on.

The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene.

Transforming growth factor, beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a TGF beta receptor.

Forms receptor complex with Activin A Type 1B receptor or with Activin A Type 1C receptor.

Furthermore, the beta A subunit forms a homodimer, activin A, and also joins with a beta B subunit to form a heterodimer, activin AB, both of which stimulate FSH secretion.

It can then either form a receptor complex with activin A receptor, type IB (ACVR1B) or with activin A receptor, type IC (ACVR1C).